CESTODES: Cyclophillidea spp. Flashcards
What types of intermediate hosts are required for D. caninum, Choanotaenia spp., Raillietina spp., Anoplocephala spp., and Moniezia spp.?
Arthropods (flea, lice, orbatid mites, beetle, ants)
What are some common traits associated with cestodes?
- Indirect life cycle
- Hermaphroditic
- No alimentary canal, flat-bodied
- Scolex and Strobila
What is the predilection site for cestode adult infections?
Small intestine
True or False: Cestodes are zoonotic.
False, only some are
What are the two orders of Class Cestoda?
Cyclophyllidea and Psuedophyllidea
How many IH’s are required for species that are members of Order Pseudophyllidea?
2
What order of cestodes has a scolex with suckers?
Order Cyclophyllidea
What structure provides a very distinguishing feature between the oncospheres of orders Cyclophyllidea and Pseudophyllidea?
Cilia are present on the oncospheres of Pseudophyllidea spp.
What structure is present for the attachment of Pseudophyllidea spp. to the host?
Bothria
What structure is present within each proglottid segment, and allows for the passage of from the female repro tract of the proglottid?
Genital pore
What composes the body or strobila of the tapeworm?
Scolex, neck and proglottid segments
What types of IH’s are required for Taenia and Echinococchus spp.?
Mammals
What IH’s are associated with Mesocestoides spp.?
Reptiles and small mammals
Which cestode larval stage is associated with arthropod IH’s of Order Cyclophyllidea?
Cysticercus
What is the common name for Diplyidium caninum?
Dog tapeworm, flea tapeworm, cucumber tapeworm
Who are the IH’s and DH’s of Diplydium caninum?
IH = Fleas, lice
DH = Dogs, cats, people
How many genital pores are associated with the D. caninum?
2 per proglottid
What species of flea serves as the IH for the flea tapeworm, as it contains the cystercircoid that is infective to humans?
Ctenocephalides spp.
Macroscopic identification, but also a ______ _______ ____ test, can be used to identify D. caninum.
Scotch adhesive tape test
Are adult species of D. caninum pathogenic?
No
Both Choanotaenia and Raillietina spp. infect what species, what is their predilection site?
Domestic and wild fowl, and the small intestine
While the adult Choanotaenia spp. are ____________ unless in large numbers, while the __________ spp. result in chronic infections can lead to reduced growth and weakness.
Non-pathogenic
Railliietina spp.
What disease is associated with heavy infections of Raillietina spp.?
Nodular tapeworm disease
True or False: Necropsy and fecal examinations can be used regularly to diagnose infections of Choanotaenia spp.
False, eggs are not often found as they don’t freely float in fecal examinations
What is present on adult Anoplocephala perfoliata tapeworms, to distinguish it from Anoplocephala magna?
Lappets
What predilection site is associated with the adult infection of A. perfoliata?
Terminal ileum and cecum
What is the predilection site associated with A. magna?
Small intestine
What occurs as a result of haevy infections of A. perfoliata?
Ulceration, ill health, obstruction, and intussusseption
Who are the IH’s and DH’s of A. perfoliata and A. magna?
IH: Orbatid mites
DH: Equids
What tests can be associated with the diagnosis of Anoplocephala spp.?
Fecal flotation and centrifugation, Sedimentation test, ELISA
How pathogenic are A. magna?
Not very
What is the common name for Moniezia spp.?
Milk tapeworm
Who are the IH’s and DH’s of Moinezia spp.?
IH: Orbatid mites
DH: Livestock
Which of the following is associated with the scolex of Moinezia spp.?
A) A bothrium and teeth
B) Unarmed with suckers
C) Teeth and suckers
D) Cutting plates and bothria
B) Unarmed with suckers
What species of cestodes do these eggs belong to?
Moinezia spp.
What cestode species is present in this equine fecal exam?
Anoplocephala spp.
What species are associated with the cestode species seen in this fowl fecal sample?
Choanotaenia and Raillietina spp.
You perform a fecal and realize it was mislabeled. What species are associated with producing the following egg?
Dogs, cats (also people)
Taenia spp. are associated with predominantly what larval stage?
Cysticercus
What larval stage is associated with Taenia taeniaeformis?
Strobilocercus
Taenia spp. are associated with infecting the _____ _______ as adults, and are largely non-pathogenic.
Small intestine
What species are associated with the infection of dogs and foxes?
- Taenia pisiformis*
- Taenia crassiceps*
- Taenia hydatigena*
You observe the following eggs in a canine fecal example. From what you learned, this hunting dog has been used for hares. What species is this?
Taenia pisiformis
You observe Taenia spp. eggs in a dachsund’s fecal. A PE showed that there appears to be retinal infiltration and as well as ascites from an ultrasound. What species is this?
T. crassiceps
After speaking with an owner about his sheepdogs fecal sample, he says that he has tapeworms. When he asks you specifically what kind they are, you tell him -?
Taenia hydatigena
What Taenia species is associated with infecting cats through strobilocercus in small rodents, which serve as an IH?
Taenia taeniaformis
Meat inspection can be used to ensure that what larval stage will not be consumbed by people for T. saginata and T. solium?
Cysticercus
Where will T. saginata be found in its larval stage in cattle?
Striated muscle (cardiac and skeletal)
Will the IH experience any clinical signs with T. saginata infection?
None, unless there are heavy infections with cyticerci in the heart
Is T. saginata or T. solium zoonotic?
Taenia solium
Explain how T. solium is associated with the causing neurocytsicercosis in humans?
People eat contaminated, uncooked swine meat, or via poor hygiene and lack of sanitation (if shared from person to person)
True or False: Taenia solium eggs, like all Taenia spp., appear the same allowing for it to be spread easily, contaminating the soil and water supply.
True
When humans ingest T. solium and T. saginata where will larval stages migrate to?
- Taenia solium:* Muscle and brain
- Taenia saginata:* Muscle
What sites of infection are associated with T. solium?
IH: Muscles, eye, brain, SQ tissue
FH: Small intestine
True or False: Taeniosis, caused by Taenia solium, is the single most infectious cause of seizures in some areas of the United States where more than 1000 people are diagnosed with it each year.
False, neruocysticercosis (NCC) not taeniosis
Echinococcus granulosus is associated with what IH’s and FH’s?
IH: livestock, especially sheep
FH: Dog ands canids
Where is the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus found during infection of the IH?
Liver, lungs, bones, brain, and other organs
Echinococcus spp. are associated with what larval stage?
Hydatid cyst
True or False: Hydatids are only pathogenic in people, and not in dogs or livestock.
True
Who are the IH’s and FH’s associated with Echinococcus canadensis?
IH: People and wild cervids
FH: Dogs and canids
Echinococcus multilocularis cause what disease in people?
Alveolar echinococcosis
Hydatid cysts are associated with what organs in IH’s of people and animals infected with E. multilocularis?
Liver, but also other organs as well
True or False: Only one species of the Echinococcus spp., E. multilocularis, is zoonotic.
False, E. multilocularis, E. granulosus, and E. canadensis are all zoonotic
What is meant by E. granulosus and E. canadensis being unilocular?
Each hydatid cyst produce a single oncosphere
