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RUSVM Parasit SPR 2020 > NEMATODES: Oxyuriodea spp. > Flashcards

NEMATODES: Oxyuriodea spp. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common name for Oxyuris equi?

A

Large pinworm

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2
Q

What type of life cycle does Oxyuris equi have?

A

Direct

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3
Q

Who are the hosts for Oxyuris equi?

A

All equids

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4
Q

What distinguishing characteristic can be used to differentiate Oxyuris equi infections from Trichuris spp. or Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. infections in equids?

A

Oxyuris equi has only a single operculum, while Trichuris and Capillaria (Eucoleus) spp. have two polar plugs

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5
Q

What gender of adults will be seen in Oxyuris equi infections in equids? Why?

A

Females, as they emerge out the anus to lay their eggs

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6
Q

What is predliction site for Oxyuris equi?

A

Dorsal colon

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7
Q

What is laid with the eggs of Oxyuris equi?

A

A gelatinous substance that is an irritant

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8
Q

What pathogenesis is associated with Oxyuris equi infections?

A
  • Pruritis
  • Peri-anal irritation
  • Broken hair/ areas of no hair
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9
Q

What diagnostic method is needed for Oxyuris equi infections?

A

Tape method, or perianal scrapings

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10
Q

Why is reinfection quite common with Oxyuris equi infections?

A

They will display behaviors associated with rubbing irritated areas against foreign objects, etc. which can further contaminate areas

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11
Q

What pinworm is associated with people, especially young children as a result of poor hygiene, etc.?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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12
Q

When is Enterobius vermicularis active?

A

At night

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13
Q

A member of Filaroidea, Dirofilaria immits will have what type of life cycle?

A

Indirect

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14
Q

Who are the final hosts of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Dogs, cats, and other mammals

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15
Q

True or False: Members of the super family Filaroidea will inhabit the small intestine, and other areas along the alimentary canal.

A

False, they are unique in that they do not inhabit the alimentary canal

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16
Q

Is Dirofilaria immitis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Who is the IH for Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Mosquitoes

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18
Q

What can be seen in a blood smear for dogs infected with D. immitis?

A

Microfilaria (L1’s)

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19
Q

What technique is often used for microfilaria infections?

A

Modified Knot’s Technique

20
Q

True or False: Microfilariae are at an earlier developmental stage than first-stage larvae, and do not contain a digestive tract.

A

True

21
Q

True or False: The mosquito, which serves as an intermediate host for D. immitis, can support multiple stages of D. immitis (L1 to L3) at one time.

A

True

22
Q

How long can it take for D. immitis L3’s to molt into L4’s?

A

2 - 3 days

23
Q

How long does it take for L4’s to molt into Immature adults of D. immitis?

A

2 - 3 months

24
Q

Where do Dirofilaria immitis L4’s migrate to once in the host?

A

They travel within the SQ tissues of the thorax and abdomen

25
Q

Where do D. immitis L4’s mature into adults?

A

In the heart, as they get lodged into the distal part of the pulmonary aa.

26
Q

As a result of increased burdens of D. immitis, where can they also be located, aside from the pulmonary aa.?

A

Right ventricle and atria, and vena cava

27
Q

What pathogenesis is assocaited with heartworms?

A
  • Endothelium is destroyed
  • Fluid leakage
  • Thrombus
  • Tortuous arteries
  • Increased resistance
  • Post-caval syndrome
28
Q

What bacterium is associated with D. immitis?

A

Wolbacchia spp.

29
Q

As Wolbacchia spp. are needed for the overal function of D. immitis, what antibiotic can be administed to treat against Wolbacchia spp.?

A

Doxycycline

30
Q

True or False: Severity of clinical disease is not determined by pulmonary blood flow.

A

False, it is

31
Q

What common signalment is associated with Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Large breeds, Males, Over 6 months of age

32
Q

While ________ tests can be used to confirm infection of D. immitis, though it requires at least 3 sexually mature females present in the host, a ______ ______ can be use as well to identify any mirofilariae.

A

Antigen

Blood smear

33
Q

What are occult infections?

A

Adult parasites are present, but there are no seen eggs or young larvae present

34
Q

True or False: Adult dogs should be tested for D. immitis prior to beginning prevention.

A

True

35
Q

Monthly preventatives are directed and used for the elimination of what stages of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

L3 and early L4’s

36
Q

While feline infections are uncommon, why are they more fatal?

A
  • High risk of complications
  • Stronger immune response to infections
  • Infections occur in the lungs, rather than in the aa.
  • No approved treatment
37
Q

What type of life cycle is associated with Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

A

Indirect life cycle

38
Q

What IH’s are associated with the life cycle of Acanthochelionema reconditum?

A

Fleas, ticks, and lice

39
Q

Where are adult Acanthocheilonema reconditum found? Where are the microfilariae?

A

Adult: Subcutis

Microfilariae: Blood

40
Q

The end of A. reconditum or D. immitis is blunter than the other?

A

A. reconditum has a blunter anterior end than that of D. immitis

41
Q

Setaria equina has what type of life cycle? Is there an IH?

A

Indirect life cycle

IH: mosquito

42
Q

Where will adult Setaria equini be found in equids? Microfilariae?

A

Adult: Peritoneal cavity

Mff: Blood

43
Q

Onchocerca cervicalis is associated with what disease in people?

A

River blindness

44
Q

What IH is required for Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

Cuilcoides spp. aka Biting midges

45
Q

What is the predilection site for Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

Adults: CT

Microfilariae: Tissue spaces of skins

46
Q

What diagnostic test is associated with Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

As a result of skin infections, a skin biopsy can be used for diagnosis

RUSVM Parasit SPR 2020 (25 decks)

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