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RUSVM Parasit SPR 2020 > NEMATODES: Metastongyloidea spp. > Flashcards

NEMATODES: Metastongyloidea spp. Flashcards

1
Q

What general systems of the body are affected by final hosts in metastrongyliodea infections?

A

Respiratory, vascular, and nervous systems

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2
Q

While most metastrongyloidea spp. have _______ life cycles, some will not including some metastrongylus sp., f. osleri, and f. hirthi.

A

Indirect

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3
Q

What diagnostic stage is associated with the identification of metastrongyloidea in Baerman tests?

A

L1

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4
Q

What shapes can the tails of metastrongyloidea be seen in?

A

Kinked or Straight

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5
Q

What is the common name of the Muellerius spp.?

A

Lung worm

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6
Q

Who are the intermediate and final hosts of Muellerius sp. infections?

A

IH = molluscs

FH = Sheep and goats

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7
Q

Where would you expect to find adult Muellerius spp. parasites?

A

Lung tissues

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8
Q

What is the PPP and life cycle of Muellerius spp.

A

PPP = 6 - 10 weeks

L1’s are passed in the feces, cutaneously migrate through feet into IH, where they develop into L3’s

The IH is ingested by the FH, and the L3’s are now free to migrate to the lungs and lymph nodes where they develop into adults

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9
Q

Which final host is more affected by severe infections of Muellerius spp.?

A

Goats; clinical signs of pneumonia in sheep are rare

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10
Q

At necrospy, thickened nodules can be seen along the lungs, what metastronglyoidea spp. would you expect was the parasitic cause?

A

Muellerius spp.

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11
Q

If an intermediate host for a parasite is an earthworm or mollusc, will control be difficult?

A

Yes, due to the long life spans of these IH’s

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12
Q

True or False: Strong antihelminthic resistance is associated with Muellerius spp.

A

False, several antihelminthics have been reported as effective

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13
Q

What is the common name for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

A

Meningeal worm

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14
Q

Who are the IH’s and FH’s of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, or the meningeal worm?

A

IH = mollusc

FH = White-tailed deer

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15
Q

What abherrant hosts are associated with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infections?

A

Equids, Caprini, and Camelids

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16
Q

Are clinical signs displayed in FH’s or AH’s in Parelaphostrongylus tenius, or meningeal worm, infections?

A

AH’s, as they display neurological signs due to larval migration tracts and inflammation which can be fatal.

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17
Q

How would one go about diagnosing meningeal worm infections in a camelid?

A

Observing clinical signs and the presence of white-tailed deer

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18
Q

What is the the life cycle of the meningeal worm?

A

Adults normally reside in the venous sinuses and subdural sinuses of the brain in white-tailed deer.

Eggs are laid into the blood vessels and move to the lungs for hatching. Occasionally, eggs hatch in the brain, after which the larvae migrate through the blood vessels into the lungs.

First-stage larvae are coughed up, passed in feces, and infect the feet of small terrestrial slugs and snails,

Larvae within the gastropods mature over 3 to 4 weeks to their third stage and are released into the gut of their gastropod host, or possibly its slime trail.

Infective material may then be accidentally ingested by a ruminant, cervid, camelid, or, occasionally, horse.

Larvae penetrate the gut and migrate through the abdomen to the spinal cord, through which they migrate to the brain to complete their life cycle.

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19
Q

What is the PPP of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in white-tailed deer?

A

around 3 months

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20
Q

What is the common name for Metastrongylus sp.?

A

Lungworm of Pigs

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21
Q

Who are the IH’s and FH’s for Metastrongylus sp. infections?

A

IH = Earthworm

FH = Pig

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22
Q

True or False: In Metastrongylus infections of swine, L1’s are within eggs at the time of elimination via the excretion of feces.

A

False, they can be found either in the eggs or free in the feces

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23
Q

What typical life cycle do Metastronglyus sp. have?

A

Indirect predominantly, but some direct life cycles have been reported

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24
Q

What is the PPP associated with Metastrongylus sp.?

A

1 month

25
Q

What areas within the lungs would you expect to find Metastronglyus adults?

A) Bronchi
B) Bronchioles
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

A

C) Both A and B

26
Q

What conditions are associated with Metastronglyus infections?

A

Lung migrations of tissues leading to inflammation and lesions, coughing, and secondary infections

27
Q

How would a Metastrongylus infection be diagnosed in a fecal examination?

A

The identification of the L1

28
Q

Even though there are several antihelminthics, why are young piglets often the most severely affected?

A

Due to a long exposure, as a result of the IH

29
Q

What is the common name of Aelurostrongylus abstrustus?

A

Cat lungworm

30
Q

Who are the IH’s and FH’s of the cat lungworm, or Alerostrongylus abstrusus?

A

IH = Snails, slugs

FH = Cats

31
Q

How might a cat become infected with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

Consumption of the IH (snail or slug), or of the PH’s (birds, rodents, frogs)

32
Q

What tail shape does a L1 Aelurostrongylus abstrusus have?

A

Kinked

33
Q

Why are birds, frogs, snakes, lizards, and rodents, considered paratenic, or transport, hosts for Aleulrostrongylus abstusus?

A

They transport a deceased IH, where the L3 larvae have already developed into and been freed from. The freed L3 does not continue its life cycle until the FH has consumed the transport/ paratenic host.

34
Q

What is the life cycle of the cat lungworm (Aelurostrongylus abstrusus)?

A

L3 migration to the lungs leads to further maturation and development into adults, when reproduction can begin.

Eggs are laid into the parenchyma, and develop into L1’s which are then coughed up, swallowed, and defecated out.

L1’s are ingested by an IH and develop into L3’s. The IH at this time can be eaten by a PH and then the FH, or immediately by the FH.

FH ingestion leads to the L3 larvae being liberated in the intestine, penetrating the mucosa, and migrating to the lungs.

35
Q

True or False: Infection of Aleurostrongylus abstrusus is confirmed by the demonstration of the first-stage larvae in fresh feces, via a fecal flotation or a Baermann, which can also be performed on sputum.

A

True

36
Q

4 - What is the PPP of Aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

4 - 6 weeks

37
Q

What areas of the lung are affected by cat lungworm infections?

A

Aleurostrongylus abstrusus infections are seen in the lung parenchyma and bronchioles, resulting a chronic mild cough

38
Q

Who are the FH’s of Filaroides and Angiostrongylus?

A

Dogs and wild carnivores (foxes, etc.)

39
Q

Which of the following does not have present with an L1 with a kinked tail?

A) Angiostronglyus vasorum
B) Filareoides hirthi
C) Crenosoma vulpis
D) Filoraoides osleri

A

C) Crenosoma vulpis

40
Q

What is the common name of Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

French Heartworm

41
Q

Do F. osleri and F. hirthi have indirect life cycles, or is it A. vasorum and C. vulpis?

A

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis, their IH’s are snails

42
Q

What age group of dogs do both Filaroides osleri and Filaroides hirthi affect?

A

Young dogs

43
Q

What age group of dogs do both Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis affect?

A

Older dogs, but also foxes!

44
Q

What predilection site does Filaroidea osleri have in young dogs?

A

The trachea and bronchi

45
Q

What predilection site does Filaroides hirthi have in young dogs?

A

The lungs

46
Q

What predilection site does Angiostrongylus vasorum (French heartworm) have in older dogs and foxes?

A

The pulomary arteries

47
Q

What predilection site does Crenosoma vulpis have in older dogs and foxes?

A

The bronchi

48
Q

Upon necropsy, you obsere severe, nodulated bronchii and trachea. Given that the patient presented for respiratory distress, what lungworm would you expect was the cause?

A

Filaroides osleri

49
Q

A referred, 8yr MN Labrador Retriever patient is en route for additional cardiac diagnostics, but arrests and dies upon arrival. Given that the patient has been on several medications due to previously diagnosed heart failure, respiratory dysfunction, and a positive fecal test, what parastic agent do you suspect?

A

Angiostrongylus vasorum

50
Q

What is the common name for Crenosoma vulpis?

A

Fox bronchial worm

51
Q

What is the common name for Filaroides osleriI?

A

Canine tracheal and bronchial nodular worm

52
Q

What is the common name for Filaroides hirthi?

A

Canine lungworm

53
Q

Which of the following would be most likely responsible for a dry, nonproductive and persistent cough?

A) C. vulpis and F. olseri
B) A. vasorum and F. hirthi
C) F. osleri and A. vasorum
D) F. hirthi and C. vulpis

A

D) F. hirthi and C. vulpis

54
Q

Which of the following have the longest prepatent period?

A) C. vulpis
B) F. osleri
C) F. hirthi
D) A. vasorum

A

B) F. osleri (6 to 7 months)

  • C. vulpis* = 19 days
  • F. hirthi* = 5 weeks
  • A. vasorum* = 1 - 3.5 months
55
Q

What is the life cycle of the canine tracheal and broncheal nodular worm?

A

The adults live in nodules in the trachea and bronchi, usually at bifurcations, where they reproduce and females lay their eggs.

Since it requires no intermediate host, the first stage larvae are passed in the feces (L1s are coughed up, swallowed and excreted) or through the saliva (being infective to another dog as L1s can be coughed up and expelled in the sputum).

56
Q

A ____________, can be used to observe the bronchii when there is a suspected case of Filaroides osleri infection in a dog.

A

Bronchoscope

57
Q

A Baermann can be completed on what samples collected from a dog with a suspected Filaroides osleri infeciton?

A

Fresh feces and sputum

58
Q

True or False, Crenosoma vulpis has the least antihelminthic resistance, as it can be treated with Fenbendazole, Milbemycin oxime, and Moxidectin.

A

False, C. vulpis can not be treated with Fembendazole

59
Q

Which of the following medicaitons would be considered a more broad specturm antihelminthic drug?

A) Milbemycin oxime
B) Moxidectin
C) Praziqunatel
D) Fendebdazole

A

D) Fendebdazole

Treats for A. vasorum, E. aerophilius (haven’t learned yet), F. osleri, F. hirthi, and P. kellicotti (haven’t learned yet)

RUSVM Parasit SPR 2020 (25 decks)

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