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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. Investing deep fascial layer
  2. Pretracheal fascia
  3. Carotid Sheath
  4. Prevertebral Layer
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2
Q

What is contained in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma

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3
Q

What is contained in the Investing deep fascial layer?

A
  1. SCM

2. Trapezius

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4
Q

What is contained in the pretracheal fascai?

A
  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Parathyroid gland
  3. Trachea
  4. Esophagus
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5
Q

What is contained in the Carotid Sheath?

A
  1. Lateral - Internal Jugular Vein
  2. Medial - Common Carotid and Internal Carotid Artery
  3. Posterior - Vagus Nerve

*Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

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6
Q

This forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Prevertebral Layer

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7
Q

It is a potential space bounded by deep cervical fascia

A

Retropharyngeal Space

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8
Q

Only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

hyoid bone

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9
Q

Level of hyoid bone at cervical vertebra

A

C3

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10
Q

What are the Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Digastric
  4. Stylohyoid
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11
Q

What are the Infrahyoid Muscles

A 
Superficial
1. Sternothyroid
2. Omohyoid
Deep
1. Thyrohyoid
2. Sternothyroid
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12
Q

what is the function of suprahyoid muscle

A

elevates the hyoid bone

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13
Q

Nerve supply of ant. belly of digastric

A

Nerve to mylohyoid V3

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14
Q

Nerve supply of post. belly of digastric

A

facial

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15
Q

Nerve supply to stylohyoid

A

facial

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16
Q

Nerve supply to mylohyoid

A

nerve to mylohyoid V3

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17
Q

Nerve supply to geniohyoid

A

first cervical nerve

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18
Q

Nerve supply to omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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19
Q

Nerve supply to sternohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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20
Q

Nerve supply to sternothyroid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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21
Q

nerve supply to thyrohyoid

A

C1

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22
Q

Depresses the hyoid

A
  1. omohyoid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. thyrohyoid
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23
Q

Depress the larynx

A
  1. sternothyroid
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24
Q

Elevate the larynx

A
  1. thyrohyoid
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25
Q

Composition of the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  1. submental
  2. submandibular
  3. carotid
  4. muscular
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26
Q

Composition of the posterior triangle of the neck

A
  1. occipital

2. supraclavicular

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27
Q

what is the unpaired triangle of the neck

A

submental triangle

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28
Q

Boundary of Submental Triangle

A
  1. anterior belly of digastric
  2. hyoid bone
  3. mylohyoid (floor)
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29
Q

Boundary of Submandibular Triangle

A
  1. anterior belly of digastric
  2. posterior belly of digastric
  3. mandible
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30
Q

Boundary of Carotid Triangle

A
  1. antior SCM
  2. Superior belly of omohyoid
  3. posterior belly of digastric
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31
Q

Bounday of Muscular Triangle

A
  1. ant midline of neck
  2. anterior SCM
  3. Superior belly of omohyoid
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32
Q

Boundary of occipital triangle

A
  1. posterior SCM
  2. Trapezius
  3. inferior belly of omohyoid
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33
Q

Boundary of supraclavicular triangle

A
  1. clavicle
  2. inferior belly of omohyoid
  3. post SCM
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34
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A
  1. sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

2. thyroid, parathyroid, larynx

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35
Q

Contents of the Posterior Triangle

A 
5 muscles
1. scalene anterior
2. scalene middle
3. levator scapular
4. splenius
5. omohyoid
4 arteries
1. Subclavian artery
2. transverse cervical artery
3. suprascapular artery
4. occipital artery
3 nerves
1. Accesory Nerve
2. Brachial Plexus
3. Cervical Plexus
2 veins
1. subclavian vein
2. external jugular vein
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36
Q

Blood Supply of Thyroid Artery

A
  1. Superior Thyroid Artery - ECA

2. Inferior Thyroid Artery - Thyrocervical Trunk

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37
Q

Venous Drainage of Thyroid Artery

A
  1. Superior Thyroid Vein - IJV
  2. Middle Thyroid Vein - IJV
  3. Inferior Thyroid Vein - Brachiocephalic
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38
Q

Where does the pyramidal lobe usually project?

A

Left o the midline

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39
Q

Perentage of people with thyroidea Ima Artery

A

12%

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40
Q

This is the first endocrine gland to develop?

A

Thyroid Gland

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41
Q

When does the thyroid gland develop?

A

24 days after fertilization

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42
Q

Most common site of ectopic thyroid gland

A

Lingual

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43
Q

Primary Tumors within the oral cavitiy and lip metastasize to what lymph node

A

I, II, III

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44
Q

Primary Tumors within the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx metastasize to what lymph node

A

II, III, IV

45
Q

Primary Tumors within the nasopharynx and thyroid metastasize to what lymph node

A

V

46
Q

What cervical vertebra does pharynx becomes continuous with esophagus

A

C6

47
Q

What is the shape of the pharynx

A

Funnel shaped

48
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
49
Q

Content of nasopharynx

A
  1. opening of auditory tube

2. pharyngeal tonsils

50
Q

Innervation of nasopharynx

A

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

51
Q

Contents of oropharynx

A
  1. palatine tonsil

2. lingual tonsil

52
Q

Innervation of oropharynx

A

Glosopharyngeal Nerve

53
Q

Content of laryngopharynx

A
  1. opens into larynx and esophagus
54
Q

Innervation of laryngopharynx

A
  1. Internal Laryngeal Nerve

2. Vagus Nerve

55
Q

Blood Supply of Pharynx

A
  1. ascending pharyngeal
  2. Tonsillar branches of facial
  3. Branches of maxillary and lingual arteries
56
Q

What are the outer circular layer muscles of the pharynx

A
  1. inferior constrictor muscle
    a. cricopharyngeus
    b. thyropharyngeus
  2. middle constrictor muscle
  3. superior constrictor muscle
57
Q

What is the purpose of outer circular layer muscle of the pharynx?

A

Porpel bolus downwards

58
Q

What are the inner longitudinal layer muscles of the pharynx

A
  1. stylopharyngeus
  2. salhpingopharyngeus
  3. palatopharyngeus
59
Q

What is the function of the inner longitudinal layer muscles of the pharynx

A

Shorten and widen the pharynx

60
Q

Outpouching of the laryngopharynx

A

Zenker Diverticulum

61
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the pharynx

A

Deep cervical Lymph Nodes

62
Q

What nerve can be possibly damaged during a tonsillectomy

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

63
Q

Composition of the waldeyer’s ring

A

upper: pharyngeal tonsil/adenoids
lateral: palatine and tubal tonsils
lower: lingual tonsil

64
Q

afferent limb of the gag reflex

A

Pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

65
Q

efferent limb of the gag reflex

A

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

66
Q

Where does the larynx lie?

A

C4 - C6

67
Q

Unpaired laryngeal cartilages

A
  1. thyroid
  2. cricoid
  3. epiglottis
68
Q

Paired laryngeal cartilage

A
  1. arytenoid
  2. cuneiform
  3. corniculate
69
Q

How many cartilage does the larynx have

A

9

70
Q

Membranes/Ligaments of the Larynx

A
  1. thyrohyoid membrane
  2. cricotracheal ligament
  3. quadrangualar membrane
  4. cricothyroid ligament
71
Q

Cricoid Cartilage is what cervical area

A

C6

72
Q

It is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage and superior to the cricoid cartilage. True vocal cords lie superior to it

A

Cricothyroid Ligament/Membrane

73
Q

Vestibular Fold

A
  1. fixed
  2. formed by mucous membrane covering the VESTIBULAR ligament
  3. vascular: pink in color
74
Q

Vocal fold

A
  1. movable
  2. formed by mucous membrane covering the VOCAL ligament
  3. avascular: white in color
75
Q

What nerve maybe injured during ligation of the superior thyroid artery

A

External laryngeal nerve

76
Q

Blood supply of larynx

A
  1. upper - superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
  2. lower - lower laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery
77
Q

Lymph drainage of larynx

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

78
Q

Sensory innervation above the vocal cord area

A

Internal Laryngeal Nerve of the Superior Larnygeal nerve of the vagus nerve

79
Q

Nerve supply to the cricothyroid

A

External Laryngeal Nerve of the Superior Laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve

80
Q

Motor Nerve supply to muscles of phonation except cricothyroid
Sensory below the vocal cord area

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve/recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve

81
Q

Action of Cricothyroid

A

Tensor

82
Q

Action of Posterior Cricoarytenoid

A

Abductor (PAB)

83
Q

Action of Lateral Cricoarytenoid

A

Adductor (LAD)

84
Q

Action of Thyroarytenoid

A

Relaxor

85
Q

What is the innervation of posterior, lateral cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid

A

Inferior/Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

86
Q

What is the innvervation of cricothyroid

A

External Laryngeal Nerve

87
Q

What muscle allow air movement through the larynx

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

88
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve lesion

A
  1. asyptomatic
  2. fibers are mainly sensory
  3. if external branch - mild hoarseness/monotonous speech
89
Q

Inferir laryngeal/ Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  1. fix vocal cord and transient hoarseness
90
Q

Which recurrent laryngeal nerve is injured more commonly

A
  1. LEFT - because it hooks around arch of aorta

2. right - hooks around right subclavian artery

91
Q

Blood supply of parathyroid gland

A
  1. superior thyroid artery

2. inferior thyroid artery

92
Q

Venous supply of parathyroid gland

A
  1. supple thyroid vein
  2. middle thyroid vein
  3. inferior thyroid vein
93
Q

Lymph drainage of parathyroid gland

A
  1. deep cervical

2. paratracheal

94
Q

What are the cells produced by the parathyroid gland

A
  1. chief cells - PTH

2. oxyphil cells

95
Q

What are the cells produced by the thyroid horone

A
  1. follicular cells - T3, T4

2. Parafollicular cells - calcitonin

96
Q

Development of the inferior parathyroid gland

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

97
Q

Development of the superior parathyroid gland

A

4th pharyngeal pouch

98
Q

Development of ectopic parathyroid gland

A

seen in the superior mediastinum

close relationship between inferior paratyhroid and thymus

99
Q

Muscles innvervated by ansa cervicalis

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Omohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid

S.O.S

100
Q

Cutaneous Branches of Cervical Plexus

A
  1. Lesser occipital (C2)
  2. Greater auricular (C2 and C3)
  3. Transverse cutaneous (C2 and C3)
  4. Supraclavicular (C3 and C4)
101
Q

Muscular Branches of Cervical Plexus

A
  1. Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

2. Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5)

102
Q

Where does phrenic nerve pass

A
  1. Posterior - subclavian vein
  2. Anterior - sublavian artery
  3. Lateral - common carotid artery
103
Q

What are the zones of penetrating neck trauma

A

Zone 1, 2 ,3

104
Q

It pertains to a neck trauma that includes the root of the neck and extends from the clavicles and manubrium to the level of inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

A

Zone 1

105
Q

It pertains to a neck trauma that extends fro the cricoid cartilage to the level of the angle of mandible

A

Zone 2

106
Q

It pertains to a neck trauma above the level of the angle of the mandible

A

Zone 3

107
Q

These injures to the neck obstruct the airway

A

Zone 1 and 3

108
Q

Most common zone injured in the neck

A

Zone 2 - vascular damage may be controlled by direct pressure

Anatomy (22 decks)

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