Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Senoir 21-2 > NECK! > Flashcards

NECK! Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the dif. Between breathy and hatch dysphonia

A

Breathy- vocal cords don’t touch
-Unilateral vocal fold paralysis

Harsh- stiff cords w/ irregular vibration
-Laryngitis or malignancy

Rough/low pitched- Edematous cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All cases of stridor need…

A

REFERAL!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anyone with hoarseness greater than 2 weeks should get…

A

Referal to ENT

ESP. If Hx of tobacco
Requires laryngoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common cause of hoarsness

A

Laryngitis

Usually viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the common bacterial causes of laryngitis

A

M. Cat

And H. Flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the tx approach to laryngitis

A

Vocal rest and referal to ENT

If a vocalist: steroids after laryngoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A pt presents with throat irritation, chronic cough and harness that occurs when the pt is upright

A

Laryngopharyngeal reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tx appraoch to laryngeal reflux

A

R/o other causes and do a laryngoscopy prior to tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
A pt presents with hoarnsess over week. To months 
With stridor (kids) and papillomas seen on laryngoscopy

Think?

A

Recurrent resp. Papillomatosis
2/2 HPV 6 and 11

More common in children and often aquired in utero or in the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the tx for papillomatosis

A

Surgical excision
With either lasers of cold knife!
(MAIN STAY)

DO NO DO A TRACH!!

Rx: Cidofovir (Intralesional injection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the complication for recurrent resp papillomatosis in smokers

A

Malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the common causes of epiglottitis

A

H. Flu or Viral

Common in DM (adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tx approach for epiglottisis in adults

A

IV ABX

Ceftizoxime 1-2 g q 8-12 hrs
Cefuroxime 750-1500 mg q 8 hrs

IV dexamethasone
4-10 mg bolus, then 4 mg q 6 hrs

Once s/s improve then oral ABX x 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tx appraoch to epiglottisis in kids

A

CALL ENT/ Anesthesia AND PEDS!

Intubate

Iv cultures

Cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for smooth paired lesions of the vocal chords

A

There are nodules

Tx: modify voice habits
Refer to speech therapist

If refractory then surgical excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

You find unilateral mass on the lamina propria of the vocal chords?

What is this and what is the tx

A

These are polyps

If small: vocal rest and steroids

If large: SRGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cause of vocal cysts

A

Vocal truama

True or pseudocysts located on inferior aspect of vocal folds
Form from mucus secreting glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A pt presents with hoarsness and decreased modal pitch
And is a smoker which has led to the loss of elastin fibers of the the vocal chords

Think

A

Polypoid corditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the tx approach to polypoid corditis

A

Inspect with laryngoscopy
(Swelling of the lamina propria aka Reinke edema)

Tx: STOP SMOKING

SRGU only if pt has stopped smoking or if there is airway obstruction

20
Q

What is the tx for contact ulcers/ granulomas common after extubation

A

Fluticasone BID

21
Q

What is the most common S/s of SCC of the larynx

A

Hoarsness + smoking

With pain when swelling

22
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the larynx

A

SCC

HPV esp. in smokers

23
Q

If larygectomy is considered

Who should CA of the larynx be referred to

A

Cardio

24
Q

What is the tx approach to SCC of the larynx

A

Earl : radiation and partial larygectomy

LATE: Chemo + SRGY PRN

Then voice rehab, and prosethic vocal chords

STOP SMOKING!

25
Q

What is the common cause of vocal chord paralysis (unilateral)

A

Iatrogenic

Or recurrent laryngeal nerve truama

(Sometimes vagus nerve truama)

26
Q

What are the common causes of bilateral vocal fold paralysis

A

SURGRY, CA

27
Q

What are the tx options for unilateral vocal chord paralysis

A

DIet mod and Pulm toilet

Can have injections of gel foam/ fat

If permanent then SRGRY or Teflon injection

28
Q

What is the treatment for bilateral vocal chord paralysis

A

REFER

For surgery - trach

29
Q

What is the most common deep neck infection

A

Ludwigs angina

30
Q

What are the agents in Ludwigs Angina

A

Sterp, Steph, FUSIFORM

DM: Klebsiella

31
Q

A pt presetns wtih neck swelling and tongue is displaced up and back

Think

A

Ludwigs angina

32
Q

What is the w/u for Ludwig’s angina

A

CRT with CON

Or CT with MRI if severe HA
Can Dx Lemiers Sydrome

33
Q

If pulmonary infiltrates present with neck infection

Think?

A

Lemieres syndrome or IV drug use

34
Q

What are the ABX for Ludwig’s angina

A

PCN + metronidazole
Ampicillin-sulbactam
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins

35
Q

If a pt has a neck abcess plus bleeding

Think

A

Bleeding means carotid or IJV involvement

Neck exploration necessary

36
Q

If a pt presetns with Lemieres syndrome

What is the tx?

A

Aka thrombophlebitis of the IJV

Treat w/ ABX for Fusobacterium !

No anticoagulants

37
Q

What is the main Stay of therapy for cervical lymphadenopathy ?

A

FNA

38
Q

What is the criteria for FNA of a lymph node

A

Node >1.5 cm
Persistent node

Node with necrotic center and no infectious cause

Continued enlargement of node

**Especially if Hx of smoking, alcohol use, prior cancer

39
Q

What is scrofula

A

What the nodes drain onto the skin

2/2 TB or mycobatreia

40
Q

What is the W/u for TB and Non TB Lymphadenitis

A

FNA and Bx

PCR if presentation is tuberculous but other tests inconclusive

41
Q

IS snoring without OSA a medical problem ?

A

NO

42
Q

What should you R.o in a pt with snoring

A

OSA (daytime somnolence)

And Obstructive causes ( refer to ent for scope)

43
Q

What is the threshold for Tracheotomy

A

Respiratory failure needing prolonged mech. vent.

44
Q

What foreign body in the esophagus is an emergency

A

Batteries !

45
Q

A soft slow growing painless neck mass that is NOT midline and does NOT move with swallowing?

Think

A

Branchial Cleft Cyst

most common congeintal mass of the lateral neck

46
Q

What is the W/u and Tx for a Branchial cleft cyst

A

Contrast Ct or MRI

Tx: complete excistion
Prevent CA

47
Q

What is the most common midline congenital neck mass

A

Thyroglobulin duct cyst

Senoir 21-2 (77 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions