NCLEX® Examination - Chapter 53 Flashcards
The thick, white, opaque connective tissue that is part of the outermost layer of the eyeball is called the: Conjunctiva Cornea Sclera Retina
sclera
he ability of the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called: Refraction Accommodation Constriction Convergence
accommodation
You are caring for a 75-year-old patient who has experienced some sensory deficits. Which of the following might be explained by age-related changes of the sensory system?
Decreased sensitivity to glare
Inability to hear low frequency sounds
Difficulty with red/orange color discrimination
Increased difficulty focusing on close objects
Increased difficulty focusing on close objects
(Increased difficulty focusing on close objects, or presbyopia, is considered to be a normal change of aging of the eye. This leads to difficulty with reading or doing close work by the older adult.)
You are caring for a patient who has had functional blindness for 10 years. Which of the following statements is true?
Pain is not associated with blindness, since the pain receptors have been destroyed.
Since this patient has been blind for a number of years, he is in the acceptance phase of his illness.
Since his blindness is functional, not total, he is not considered to be legally blind.
A comprehensive approach to patient care is essential with blind patients.
Correct A comprehensive approach to patient care is essential with blind patients.
A comprehensive approach to patient care is essential with blind individuals. Home health considerations include education about community resources. When a total approach is taken, the patient’s successful adjustment to home, work, and society is possible. Blind individuals are capable of leading a full and active life and need to be treated in such a manner.
Which of the following factors have been associated with the formation of cataracts? Select all that apply. Aging Ultraviolet light History of eye surgery Exposure to maternal rubella Smoking Loud music Diabetes mellitus
aging
ultraviolet light
exposure to maternal rubella
smoking
diabets melltius
You are taking care of a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. She is expressing some fears about long-term complications of the disease. She states, “I know I’ll go blind within 10 years. Why should I bother controlling my blood sugar?” Your best response is based on the knowledge that:
After 10 years with diabetes mellitus, most type 1 patients have advanced diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs more frequently in patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
The initial stage of diabetic retinopathy only lasts for a couple of months.
The initial stage consists of vision loss and the presence of “floaters” in the visual field.
diabetic retinopathy occurs more frequently in patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs more frequently in patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Although the incidence does increase with length of time one has had the disease, control of blood sugar is an important variable that can delay or reduce the severity of this complication. Therefore, it is important to empower this patient with the knowledge that what she does can and will affect the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
7. The visual disorder characterized by slow, progressive loss of central and near vision is known as: Age-related macular degeneration Diabetic retinopathy Retinal detachment Glaucoma
Age-related macular degeneration
The visual disorder characterized by slow, progressive loss of central and near vision is known as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The “wet type,” accounting for 10% of cases, is related to new blood vessel growth (neovascularization) that occurs suddenly. Vision loss is irreversible. The more common type, the “dry type,” is caused by degenerative changes (lipid deposits and atrophy).
The type of hearing loss that involves normal sound conduction through the external and middle ear, but distortion in the inner ear, making discrimination difficult, is called a: Sensorineural hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Mixed hearing loss Functional hearing loss
Reporting any severe or progressive pain to the surgeon immediately
Appropriate nursing care for a patient who has just undergone a keratoplasty (corneal transplant) includes reporting any severe or progressive pain to the surgeon immediately, as this can be a sign of complications. Also immediately reportable are complaints of erythema, vision loss, or photophobia, as these can be signs of corneal rejection.
Appropriate nursing care and patient teaching for the patient with external otitis includes which of the following?
Applying cold compresses to the affected ear
Continuing antibiotic therapy until symptoms of the infection are relieved
Advising patient to rinse ears out each morning in the shower
Washing hands before and after changing cotton plugs
Sensorineural hearing loss
The type of hearing loss that involves normal sound conduction through the external and middle ear, but distortion in the inner ear, making discrimination difficult, is called a sensorineural hearing loss. Trauma, infectious process, presbycusis, congenital factors, or exposure to ototoxic drugs usually causes this type of hearing loss.
You are caring for a patient who has just undergone a corneal transplant (keratoplasty). Appropriate nursing care includes which of the following?
Preparing written postoperative instructions for the patient to read over
Positioning the patient on the operative side
Reporting any severe or progressive pain to the surgeon immediately
Teaching the patient to avoid bending, lifting, or straining for 1 week
9.
Washing hands before and after changing cotton plugs
Appropriate nursing care and patient teaching for the patient with otitis media includes washing hands before and after changing cotton plugs to prevent a secondary infection.
