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BTC 3/24 - NAV > NAV - Speed > Flashcards

NAV - Speed Flashcards

1
Q

What units is speed expressed in? (5)

A
  • Mph
  • Kts
  • Fps or ft/sec
  • Kph
  • Mach
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2
Q

What does a Pitot tube do? (1)

A

Projects forward of the aircraft sufficiently to sample the undisturbed air (= PITOT PRESSURE)

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3
Q

What is undisturbed air known as? (1)

A

Pitot pressure

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4
Q

What is Dynamic pressure? (1)

A

The pressure generated by the aircraft’s movement

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5
Q

What is the Static pressure? (1)

A

The natural pressure that is exerted by the atmosphere

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6
Q

How is Pitot pressure calculated? (1)

A

Pitot Pressure =
Static Pressure + Dynamic Pressure

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7
Q

How is Dynamic pressure calculated? (1)

A

Dynamic Pressure =
Pitot Pressure - Static Pressure

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8
Q

Pitot pressure diagram

A

The simple Airspeed Indicator removes Static Pressure by allowing it to impinge on the outside of a flexible metal capsule that is fed with Pitot Pressure air

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9
Q

What errors is an ASI subject to? (6)

A
  • Instrument error
  • Pressure error
  • Position error
  • Manoeuvre error
  • Density error
  • Compressibility error
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10
Q

What types of instrument errors do ASIs suffer from? (3)

A
  1. Due to small manufacturing imperfections and the need to generate a large needle movement from a small capsule movement
  2. Any error is noted when the instrument is tested and calibrated prior to use
  3. An error card is mounted in the aircraft cockpit near the indicator
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11
Q

What is Pressure error divided into? (2)

A
  1. Position error - static vent not being able to accurately sample static pressure throughout the aircraft speed range
  2. Manoeuvre error - Likely at low speeds
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12
Q

What is Density error? (1)

A

When ASI’s deviate from ISA conditions

(ASI’s are calibrated to to ISA)

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13
Q

What is Compressibility error? (2)

A
  1. At speeds above 300kts the air is compressed and temporarily brought to a halt in front of the pitot tube
  2. This causes a false pressure to enter the pitot tube and causes the airspeed indicator to over read
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14
Q

What types of airspeed are used? (1)

A

IAS - Indicated Air Speed

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15
Q

What other types of airspeed is avaialble?

A
  1. RAS - Rectified Air Speed
  2. TAS True Air Speed
  3. GS - Ground Speed
  4. M - Mach number
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16
Q

What is RAS? (2)

A

RAS - Rectified Air Speed

The IAS after correction for Pressure and
Instrument Errors

17
Q

What is TAS? (2)

A
  1. The RAS after correction for Density Error
  2. The actual speed of the aircraft through the air
18
Q

What is GS? (2)

A
  1. The actual speed of the aircraft over the surface of the Earth
  2. TAS corrected for the effects of wind
19
Q

What is Mach Number? (2)

A
  1. TAS expressed as a fraction of the local speed of sound
  2. Mach 1 depends on temperature: “The colder, the slower”
20
Q

How is the Mach Number calculated?

A
21
Q

What 3 conditions does Mach Number have? (3)

A
  • Subsonic - Conditions exist when Mach number is less than one (M < 1 )
  • Transonic - when some part of the aircraft is above Mach 1
  • Supersonic - when all of the airframe is above Mach 1
22
Q

What is the speed of sound known as? (1)

A

Mach 1.0

23
Q

What is Mcrit? (2)

A

Mcrit - Critical mach Number

  • Dependent on the aerodynamic shape of the airframe
24
Q

Mcrit example diagram

A

For instance, if the air flowing over a wing reaches Mach 1 when the wing is only moving at Mach 0.8, then the wing’s critical Mach number is 0.8. At this point a shock wave is generated on the wing’s upper and lower surfaces

25
Q

What are the Mach classification of speeds? (4)

A
  • Subsonic Flight: less than M 0.8
  • Transonic Flight: M 0.8 to M1.2
  • Supersonic Flight: M1.2 to M 5.0
  • Hypersonic Flight: above M 5.0
26
Q

What happens when an aircraft achieves Mcrit? (1)

A

A Shockwave is formed

27
Q

Where must all medium & high-level supersonic flights be made within the EU? (4)

A
  1. Over the sea
  2. May accelerate to supersonic speed:
  • 10nm> at sea
  • On flight path of 20° from mean line of coast
28
Q

When may supersonic flights take place with the aircraft facing / parallel / turning to land? (1)

A
  • 35nm> from the nearest coastline
29
Q

What does a Mach meter allow a pilot to do? (3)

A
  • Fly speeds just below Mcrit
  • Have optimum performance
  • Minimum discomfort & fatigue
30
Q

Speed graph of TAS & IAS diagram

A
31
Q

Speed graph of Mach & FL diagram

A

BTC 3/24 - NAV (17 decks)

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