NAV - Area Navigation (RNAV)

Question 1

What is Area Navigation (RNAV)? (1)

Answer 1

A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained navigation aids, or a combination of both

Question 2

How does RNAV work? (1)

Answer 2

FMS utilises LNAV (Lateral) and VNAV (Vertical) functions to ensure accuracy with the WGS-84 system

Question 3

What is B-RNAV? (3)

Answer 3

B-RNAV - Basic Area Navigation

Accuracy of:

• +/- 5nm for 95+% of flight time
• All IFR Aircraft must be B-NAV compliant

Question 4

What does R-NAV permit? (1)

Answer 4

Permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of navigation aids

Question 5

What are the benefits of RNAV? (4)

Answer 5

• Decreased taxi times
• Decreased departure delays
• Improved flight profiles
• Reduced distances

Question 6

What is RNP? (7)

Answer 6

RNP - Required Navigation Performance

• Is “a statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace”
• Part of PBN
• Enables implementation of new routes and flight paths
• Have an associated performance specification that an aircraft must meet
• System must monitor the achieved performance and provide an alert in the event that this fails to meet the specification
• Previously INS, now GNSS

Question 7

What are the accuracies required for RNP? (5)

Answer 7

• 0.3 nm
• 1 nm
• 2 nm
• 4 nm

of 95+% of flight time (TSE)

Question 8

When may contingency RNP routes be made available? (2)

Answer 8

• Limited time periods
• Established to meet unusual + temporary requirements at short notice

Question 9

RNP can apply to an area or a volume of
airspace, or any airspace of defined dimensions. True or False?

Answer 9

True

Authorities can specify certain RNP types within these areas

Question 10

What is P-RNAV? (4)

Answer 10

P-RNAV - Precision RNAV

• Allows for en-route and/or TMA operations that are standardised EU wide, ensuring consistent levels of flight safety
• Aircraft equipped and certified with a PRNAV system (+/-1NM accurate track) may operate on P-RNAV SIDs/STARs
• P-RNAV is specific to Europe only

Question 11

What are the accuracies of RNP?

Answer 11

RNP-RNAV
- Allows for approaches to +/- 0.3nm accuracy.
- This can be used in Terminal areas.

RNP APCH
- +/- 1.0nm - Initial, intermediate, missed segments
- 0.3nm - Final segment

RNP (AR) APCH
- TSE lower than standard RNP values during any segment of approach procedure, down to 0.10nm
- Requires crew training in the same way as ILS Cat II/III procedures

Question 12

What does the PBN concept refer to? (1)

Answer 12

RNP performance

Question 13

What are the 3 performance components of the PBN concept? (3)

Answer 13

1. Navigation Specification
2. Navaid Infrastructure
3. Navigation Application

Question 14

Which systems requires and does not require performance monitoring? (2)

Answer 14

• RNP - Yes
• RNAV - No

Question 15

What types of future navigation are there? (2)

Answer 15

• 4D - Accurate to 2-5 seconds
• Business Trajectories - Optimum climb / Descent