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BTC 3/24 - NAV > NAV - ILS > Flashcards

NAV - ILS Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ILS? (5)

A

ILS - Instrument Landing System

  • Precision approach (azimuth and elevation)
  • Runways are known as Precision Approach Instrument Runways
  • For poor weather (cloud / visibility)
  • Assists in achieving an orderly flow of landing traffic
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2
Q

What is the Localiser Transmitter? (3)

A
  1. Situated beyond the upwind end of the runway approx. 300m from the threshold
  2. Defines the extended centreline of the
    instrument runway
  3. Indicates deviation from the optimum lateral approach path
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3
Q

What is the Glidepath Transmitter? (3)

A
  1. Situated approx. 300m from the landing threshold and offset between 100 & 200m from the centreline
  2. Defines the safe descent slope (normally 3°)
  3. Indicates deviation from the optimum verticalapproach path
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4
Q

What are the 3 Marker beacons? (3)

A
  1. Outer marker
  2. Middle marker
  3. Inner Marker
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the Outer Marker? (3)

A
  1. 3-6nm from threshold
  2. Tx 2 dashes per sec at 400Hz
  3. Flashes blue light in cockpit
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the Middle Marker? (3)

A
  1. 900-1200m from threshold
  2. Tx alternate dot dash at 1300Hz
  3. Flashes amber light in cockpit
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the Inner Marker? (3)

A
  1. 300 – 450m from threshold
  2. TX 6 Dots per sec at 3000hz
  3. Flashes white light in cockpit
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8
Q

ILS & Marker beacons diagram

A
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9
Q

How is a DME used for an ILS? (3)

A
  1. Paired with ILS - Both auto tuned when selected
  2. Range info is “0” to the Runway threshold
  3. Accurate only within localizer coverage and up to 25,000ft
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10
Q

ILS Transmitters WITH DME diagram

A
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the Localiser? (5)

A
  1. VHF Band: 108-112 Mhz
  2. Radiates 2 lobes - overlap by 5°
  3. Modulates 90 & 150 Hz in either centreline side
  4. Unequal signals indicates left / right of centreline
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12
Q

What is the Localiser protected range? (3)

A
  • Coverage 35° either side of centreline
  • 17 nm
  • Reduces to 10° thereafter up to 25nm
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13
Q

Which ICAO annex indicates ILS facilities to conform to? (1)

A

Annex 10

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the Glidepath? (4)

A
  1. UHF band: 329.3 - 335 Mhz
  2. Radiates 2 lobes - overlap by 1° - Range of 10nm
  3. Known as ILS Reference Point
  4. 3° descent angle
  5. Deviation either above or below results in unequal signals being received
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15
Q

What is the Glidepath protected range? (2)

A
  • Coverage 8° Azimuth side of localiser centreline
  • 10 nm from threshold
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16
Q

What does the operation of the GP and angle depend on? (5)

A
  1. Aircraft likely to use the aerodrome
  2. Terrain
  3. Obstacles within the approach and missed approach areas
  4. Local meteorological conditions
  5. Runway length
17
Q

What is the datum for the Rate of Height Loss? (3)

A
  • 2.5° = 250ft per NM
  • 3° = 300ft per NM (Normal setting)
  • 3.5° = 350ft per NM
18
Q

What is the ILS reference datum? (2)

A
  • Glide transmitter is to equate the same height as an A/C flies over the threshold
  • Height is 50ft
19
Q

What are the advantages of frequency pairing? (3)

A
  1. Reduces cockpit workload
  2. Guards against mismatching
  3. Only the localizer frequency needs to be published and selected on the flight deck
20
Q

What ILS equipment is monitored? (3)

A
  1. Localiser
  2. Glidepath
  3. Markers
21
Q

What happens if the ILS fails? (2)

A
  • ATC & Pilot warned of failure
  • System will switch off - If monitoring system fails
22
Q

How is the ILS station identification achieved? (2)

A
  • Modulating a three letter Morse identifier onto the localizer carrier wave
  • When the ILS is undergoing maintenance, or is radiating for test purposes, the identifier is removed or replaced by a continuous tone
23
Q

What does HSI & OBS stand for? (2)

A

HSI - Horizontal Situation Indicator
OBS - Omni-directional Bearing Selector

24
Q

How is an ILS shown on an aircraft display? (3)

A
  • Edge of central ring equates to the first dot of displacement
  • Each horizontal dot indicates 0.5° deviation from the centre of the localizer
  • Each vertical dot indicates 0.15° deviation from the centre of the glidepath
25
Q

When would an ILS display both needles in the centre? (3)

A
  • The receiver is switched off
  • No signals are being received
  • The aircraft is on the centreline of both localizer and glidepath beams
26
Q

What are the conditions to be allowed to perform an Auto land with the ILS? (3)

A
  • Aircraft being suitably equipped
  • Ground transmissions being adequately protected from external interference
  • Aircraft movements on the ground in the vicinity of the ILS equipment must therefore be restricted (depending on the category of approach)
27
Q

What are the ILS categories? (7)

A
  • ILS Category I
  • LOWER THAN STANDARD CAT I
  • ILS Category II
  • OTHER THAN STANDARD CAT II
  • ILS Category III A
  • ILS Category III B
  • ILS Category III C
28
Q

ILS Category table

A

BTC 3/24 - NAV (17 decks)

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