NAV - Instrument Approach Procedures Flashcards
What is the definition of a precision approach? (1)
An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation
What is the definition of a non-precision approach? (1)
An instrument approach and landing which utilises lateral guidance but does not utilise vertical guidance
What types of instrument approach are precision? (4)
- ILS
- MLS
- RNP
- PAR
What types of instrument approach are non-precision? (6)
- VOR
- NDB
- Localiser Only
- GNSS
- SRA
- VDF
A high proportion of CFIT accidents have been shown to occur during non-precision approaches. True or False?
True
(CFIT - Controlled Flight Into Terrain)
What are the 5 segments of an IAP? (5)
- Arrival - STAR
- Initial - IAF
- Intermediate - IF
- Final - FAF / FAP
- Missed - MAPt
What are the symbols for an IAP Chart? (5)
What procedures may be given if there is no suitable IF or IAF? (3)
- Reversal procedure
- Racetrack procedure
- Holding pattern
What are the conditions for a Procedure Turns? (3)
- Entry restricted to a specific direction or sector
- Remains within airspace provided
- Requires strict adherence to directions and timings
Procedure Turn examples
Base Turn & Racetrack examples
What Obstacle clearance is given during the Intermediate Approach stage? (1)
Obstacle clearance reduces from 1000ft to 500ft
What is the lowest point on an IAP? (1)
MDA/MDH
(minimum descent Altitude/Height)
What phases are there on Missed Approach segment? (3)
- Initial - Mapt to start of climb (SOC)
- Intermediate - SOC to 150ft Obstacle clearance
- Final - 150ft Obs clear. To point where new approach, hold or enroute begins
What should a Missed approach have? (5)
- Missed approach kept simple
- Each IAP has a published missed approach procedure
- If the required visual reference is not established at the MAPt, INITIATE A MISSED APPROACH at once
- One MAPt for each IAP
- If missed approach initiated prior to the MAPt, comply with the MA Procedure to remain sector safe
What is OCA/H? (1)
OCA/H - Obstacle Clearance Altitude / Height
The MDA/H may be lower than the system minimum for the type of approach. True or False?
False
The MDA/H is the lowest you can descend before initiating a missed approach
What factors affect Operational Minima? (2)
- Precision Approaches:
DA or DH - Non-precision Approaches:
MDA or MDH
What is VM(C) in the vicinity of ADs? (2)
VM(C) - Visual manoeuvring (Circling)
Is the term used to describe the visual phase of flight, after completing an Instrument Approach, where an aircraft is manoeuvred into position for a landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in approach
What factors will allow VM(C)? (2)
- Where obstacle clearance has been considered for aircraft manoeuvring visually before landing
- Determined by drawing arcs centred on each runway threshold and joining these arcs with tangent lines
What dimension criteria is there for VM(C)? (4)
- A/C category
- Speed for each category
- Wind speed: 25kts throughout turn
- Bank angle: 20° avg’ or 3° p/s (whichever is less)
What are the aircraft approach category speeds? (5)
- Cat A - <91 kts IAS
- Cat B - 91-120 kts IAS
- Cat C - 121-140 kts IAS
- Cat D - 141-165 kts IAS
- Cat E - 166-210 kts IAS
What is VaT? (2)
VaT - Velocity at Threshold
1.3x the stalling speed in the Landing configuration at maximum certificated landing MASS
What is OCH? (3)
OCH - Obstacle Clearance Height
- The lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or above the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with the appropriate obstacle clearance criteria
- When VM(C) area established, OCH is determined for each aircraft Category
What is the Sectorisation of VM(C) area? (1)
Where a sector within the total VM(C) area contains obstacles that would make the OCH normally operationally unacceptable, it is permissible to eliminate this sector from the total VM(C) area, where the sector lies outside the Final and MAP areas
