nature and nurture of psychopathology

Question 1

name and define the two approaches to PP.

Answer 1

clinical diagnostic approach - PP are considered to be discrete categories defined on the basis criteria proposed by experts.
empirical quantitative approach - PP symptoms are assessed on a continuous scale, with disorders being the extreme end.

Question 2

before the age of 25, what is the onset percentage of PP.

Answer 2

75%.

Question 3

name the two common study designs for studying nature and nurture of PP.

Answer 3

• twin design

- adoption design

Question 4

identify the components of phenotypic variation.

Answer 4

heritabilityA - influences genetic factors
shared envC - env influences that contribute to similarities
non-shared envE - env influences that contributes to differences.

Question 5

name the model to show contributions to disorders.

Answer 5

ACE model.

Question 6

identify sub-types of anti-social behaviour.

Answer 6

• groups with callous-unemotional (CU) traits

- groups without CU.

Question 7

which type of anti-social behaviour was found to be more heritable?

Answer 7

• groups with CU.

Question 8

give an example of comorbidity.

Answer 8

50-65% of panic disorder (anxiety) patients have depression.

Question 9

what studies are being conducted to research specific gene variants.

Answer 9

genome-wide association studies.

Question 10

define what is meant by polygenic traits.

Answer 10

PP is influenced by more than one genetic variant (polygenic).