nature and nurture of cognitive development Flashcards

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1
Q

general cognitive ability and specific cognitive ability are shortened to…

A

g and s

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2
Q

give examples of specific cognitive ability.

A
  • verbal
  • spatial
  • memory
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3
Q

why study the N+N of cognitive development.

A
  • reliable and stable
  • predict important social outcomes such as educational and occupational levels
  • increasingly important in knowledge-based society
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4
Q

what percentage overlaps with individual differences?

A

90%

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5
Q

name the two types of twin studies conducted.

A

Mz vs Dz, and twins reared apart and together.

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6
Q

name the two types of adoption studies conducted.

A

biological and adoptive parents and adoptees, and adoptive vs non-adoptive families.

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7
Q

state the components of phenotypic variation.

A

heritability (A) - influences of genetic factors
shared environment (C) - similarity
non-shared environment (E) - different.

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8
Q

give the equation for working out heritability, shared and non-shared env.

A

2(rMz - rDz)
rMz - hz
1 - rMz

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9
Q

state a study that tests whether the role the N+N in cognitive abilities changes with age.

A

Twins of early development study (TEDS).

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10
Q

give statistics that demonstrate how heritability of IQ increases throughout life course.

A
  • increases from 40% in childhood to 80% in later adulthood.
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11
Q

what percentage of comorbid disability is due to genetic factors, what percentage is due to shared environmental factors.

A

67%: 96%.

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12
Q

state the two hypothesis involved with mental retardation.

A

one gene, one disorder

quantitative loci

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13
Q

true or false: cognitive traits are controlled by one genetic variant, each genetic variation is additive to the others.

A

false - costive traits are controlled by more than one genetic variant.

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14
Q

state the hallmarks of polygenic traits.

A
  • a bell curve distribution

- a continuous contribution

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