nature and nurture of cognitive development Flashcards
general cognitive ability and specific cognitive ability are shortened to…
g and s
give examples of specific cognitive ability.
- verbal
- spatial
- memory
why study the N+N of cognitive development.
- reliable and stable
- predict important social outcomes such as educational and occupational levels
- increasingly important in knowledge-based society
what percentage overlaps with individual differences?
90%
name the two types of twin studies conducted.
Mz vs Dz, and twins reared apart and together.
name the two types of adoption studies conducted.
biological and adoptive parents and adoptees, and adoptive vs non-adoptive families.
state the components of phenotypic variation.
heritability (A) - influences of genetic factors
shared environment (C) - similarity
non-shared environment (E) - different.
give the equation for working out heritability, shared and non-shared env.
2(rMz - rDz)
rMz - hz
1 - rMz
state a study that tests whether the role the N+N in cognitive abilities changes with age.
Twins of early development study (TEDS).
give statistics that demonstrate how heritability of IQ increases throughout life course.
- increases from 40% in childhood to 80% in later adulthood.
what percentage of comorbid disability is due to genetic factors, what percentage is due to shared environmental factors.
67%: 96%.
state the two hypothesis involved with mental retardation.
one gene, one disorder
quantitative loci
true or false: cognitive traits are controlled by one genetic variant, each genetic variation is additive to the others.
false - costive traits are controlled by more than one genetic variant.
state the hallmarks of polygenic traits.
- a bell curve distribution
- a continuous contribution
