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yr2 - dev psychology > child dev > Flashcards

child dev Flashcards

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1
Q

name a strength and weakness of interviewing as a source of research.

A
  • allows in-depth information

- can be bias and time consuming

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2
Q

state why a naturalistic observation may be more valuable than a structured observation.

A

-a chance to explore natural social interactions rather than controlled interactions.

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3
Q

name reasons why causation does not lead to effect.

A
  • direction of causation problem .

- third variable problem.

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4
Q

name why longitudinal research may be more valuable than using cross sectional research.

A

-allows to study stability in individual behaviour.

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5
Q

define microgenetic designs.

A

-intensively observe processes that produce change over short periods of time.

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6
Q

identify innovative techniques for when studying children.

A
  • photography
  • drawing
  • writing diaries
  • using prompts
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7
Q

identify the three stages of prenatal dev.

A
  • germinal
  • embryonic
  • fetal
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8
Q

identify the three parts of skin tissue.

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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9
Q

which type of gene is expressed?

A

dominant gene.

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10
Q

explain what occurs in the germinal stage.

A
  • zygote formed
  • zygote divides and multiples
  • cells become more specialised
  • embryo formed when implantation occurs.
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11
Q

explain what occurs in the embryonic stage.

A

blood vessels grow, placenta forms.

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12
Q

explain what occurs during the foetus stage.

A

reflexs occur, sex organs differentiate, sensory input.

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13
Q

name teratogens impact on prenatal dev.

A
  • alcohol
  • drugs
  • smoking
  • radiation
  • pollution
  • infectious disease
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14
Q

define the scala naturae.

A

great chain of being (hierarchy lower to higher animals).

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15
Q

define the repitulation theory.

A

dev of animal and human embryo.

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16
Q

what genetic disorders can occur in dev.

A
  • cystic fibrosis
  • anemia
  • chromosomal disorders
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17
Q

how many children were affected by the thalidomide tragedy?

A

by 1961, approx 20,000 children were born with severely misshapen limbs.

18
Q

give evidence for fatal learning.

A

-read stories Late pregnancy, 2 days after birth read story again, implied babies could hear familiar story through fast dummy sucking.

19
Q

name the sense newborns have.

A
  • touch - well dev
  • taste - distinguish between several tastes
  • smell - recognise mothers smell
  • hearing - improves over first few months
  • vision - only see things in near distance at birth
  • balance - vestibular system
20
Q

identify the reflexes newborns have.

A

sucking/rooting
morco
stepping
babinski

21
Q

give an example of gross motor skills.

A

running, skipping.

22
Q

which type of motor skill is involved in coordination of small muscle movements?

A

fine motor skills.

23
Q

define vestigal.

A

reflexes have partially or wholly lost their function.

24
Q

what do glial cells do in relation to myelination?

A

provide structural support and insulate axons by myelination.

25
Q

give an example of advanced dev in primate infants.

A

neural cell proliferation

locomotor dev

26
Q

give an example of slow dev in primate infants.

A

dependant upon mothers up to 4 years.

= extended juvenile life stages.

27
Q

which of the two nervous systems (PNS/CNS) lay down the myelin sheath?

A

CNS.

28
Q

define synaptogenesis.

A

formation of synapses between neurons in nervous system.

29
Q

give evidence from sensory deprivation studies that there are critical periods in brain dev.

A

major delays in physiology and growth of brain due to neglect.

30
Q

define the dynamic-system theory.

A

assessing change overtime, looking at ‘how’ dev occurs, not ‘when’.

31
Q

name a major milestone reached between 6-10 months.

A
  • crawling
32
Q

name a major milestone reached at 2 years.

A
  • running
33
Q

give examples of multiple causes the dynamic theory empathises.

A
  • increases in strength and weight
  • posture control
  • motivation
  • neural mechanisms
  • balance
  • perceptual skills
34
Q

variability of attractors depends on…

A

experimentation, curiosity and learning.

35
Q

give evidence that the stepping reflex disappears due to weight gain.

A

when ankle weights were attached to infants they stopped stepping.

36
Q

what components do infants needs to achieve in order to have successful reaching?

A

stable base, arm control.

37
Q

did sticky mittens improve infants ability to grasp and reach?

A
  • yes, significantly.
38
Q

depth perception emerges before/after crawling.

A

after crawling, as infants who had been crawling for a while showed fear of heights in the visual cliff experiment.

39
Q

true or false: knowledge of slopes was generalised from crawling to walking.

A

false - new walkers plunged down the slopes, even though they were cautious as crawlers.

40
Q

give suggestion as to why crawlers cannot match perceptual abilities to action abilities.

A

in the visual cliff, although infants may had detected steepness, new crawlers still crossed the cliff.

yr2 - dev psychology (12 decks)

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