adolescence

Question 1

state major tasks adolescence go through during adolescence

Answer 1

• adjust to changing body size and shape
• sexuality
• new ways of thinking
• emotional maturity, economic independence

Question 2

give possible causes as to why puberty has declined over last few hundred years.

Answer 2

increased standard of living, particularly nutrition, health, heredity and body mass.

Question 3

describe what occurs during puberty.

Answer 3

• 7 year range for onset
• lasts about 4 years
• begins 2-3 years earlier for girls
• avg growth spurt of 10 inches, and 40 lbs
• changes in hormone levels

Question 4

name psychological aspects of puberty.

Answer 4

body image - least satisfaction during puberty 
girls less satisfied 
hormones changes related to mood change:
male - increased anger and irritability 
female - increased anger and depression

Question 5

state the three hypotheses of puberty timing.

Answer 5

• stressful change hypotheses
• off-time hypotheses
• early timing hypotheses

Question 6

compare different opinions and outcomes for boys and girls.

Answer 6

girls dislike maturing early, tend to be less sociable, poor body image, lower self-esteem, risky behaviours, lower levels of educational attainment, whereas boys like maturing early, self-esteem, more popular, good-natured, cognitive adv.

Question 7

true or false: adolescence spend much less time with their family as well as much less alone time talking to each parent.

Answer 7

false - time alone with parents didn’t decrease.

Question 8

what mediators lead to decline in family?

Answer 8

• part time job
• driving
• peer activities

Question 9

how has parenting changed in recent years?

Answer 9

evidence that parents are more protective and demanding.

Question 10

define the looking-glass self effect.

Answer 10

what you think other think of you.

Question 11

describe the development of self-concept.

Answer 11

• shift from concrete to abstract self-portraits
• shift from social comparisons and normative standards during childhood/early adolescence to internalised standards in later adolescence.
• shift towards differentiation of self into multiple domains.
• integration of multiple selves into a unified self-concept.

Question 12

describe component of the imagined self.

Answer 12

• distinguish between actual / real ideal selves
• possible selves: balance between ideal and feared self.
• true VS false selves.
• identity formation

Question 13

erikism emphasised societal factors in dev, hs stages included…

Answer 13

specific “crisis” to resolve, adolescence being identity.

Question 14

state and describe Marcia’s 4 identity theory statuses.

Answer 14

achievement - firm identity commitments
moratorium - examine alternatives to arrive at a choice
foreclosure - adopted identity prescribed by parents, authority
diffusion - not actively seeking to make decisions.

Question 15

match parental influences to Marcia’a statuses.

Answer 15

voice opinions = achievement/ moratorium
low warmth = diffusion
close bonds = foreclosure