bullying

Question 1

state the prevalence bullying.

Answer 1

one in four children in UK reported being bullied in last school term, retrospective studies have found as many as 86% adults recall being bullied in their school years.

Question 2

name types of bullying.

Answer 2

• direct
• indirect
• bias
• physical
• verbal
• social
• cyber

Question 3

state consensus’ of bullying.

Answer 3

• intentional and unprovoked
• persistent
• imbalance of power

Question 4

state issues with assessing observationally.

Answer 4

• relying on observation behaviour alone is problematic

- bullies also act prosocially to maintain social status.

Question 5

name the difference between proactive and reactive.

Answer 5

proactive - cold and calculated

reactive - hot headed and emotional

Question 6

state issues with reporting methods.

Answer 6

teacher and parent reports - not fully aware of what is going on.
self-report - prone to social desirability
peer-report - most reliable
school-based systems - between school variability

Question 7

name the roles involved in bullying.

Answer 7

• victim
• bully
• reinforcer
• assistant
• defender
• outsider

Question 8

describe genetic risk factors of bullying.

Answer 8

• account for 41% of variance in proactive aggression

- proactive aggression may indicate psychopathic machiavellian personality characteristics.

Question 9

describe how parents can lead to bullying or/ and victimisation.

Answer 9

• bullies often experience lax parenting, bullying may be the product of modelling.
• children with anxious resistant attachments are more inclined to submissive beh, boys with overprotective and controlling mothers, and girl who feel rejected by their mothers are more prone to victimisation.
• children of an inconsistent/ authoritarian parenting style more likely to be bully-victims.

Question 10

describe how emotional factors can contribute to bullying or victimisation.

Answer 10

bullies - inflated self-esteem but low self-worth in relation to school.
victims - associated with depression, loneliness, low self-esteem, increased social anxiety.

Question 11

are bullies oafs or intellectuals? give evidence.

Answer 11

intellectuals - score the highest on social cognitive questions than any other bullying role.

Question 12

name the social goals that predict bullying for boys and girls.

Answer 12

boys - physical superiority

girls - social status

Question 13

social reasoning ability allows bullies to …

Answer 13

… switch their goals according to the situation so as to limit negative consequences of what is essentially anti-social beh.

Question 14

state the types of interventions.

Answer 14

individual
peers
whole-school policies

Question 15

describe aims of GRAV intervention.

Answer 15

• raise awareness
• examine how non-action enables violent norms
• teaches strategies for changing violent norms

Question 16

state challenges to interventions.

Answer 16

• definitional issues
• bias of teachers
• lack f psychometric qualities
• variety of approaches, hard to compare
• hypothetical, rather than real-life scenarios, so lack ecological validity.