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Grade 6 > Natural Science Term 2 > Flashcards

Natural Science Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid and gas

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2
Q

Explain what defines a solid

A

Definite shape and definite volume
All particles are very close together

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3
Q

Explain what defines a liquid

A

Liquids have indefinite shapes and a definite volume.
Particles are not very close together

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4
Q

Explain what defines a gas:

A

Gases have an indefinite shape and indefinite volume.
Particles are very far apart and move freely.

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5
Q

Describe the distance of particles and the space between them in different matter:

A

Solid: packed very close together and small spaces
Liquid: close together and medium spaces between particles
Gas: very separated and large spaces between particles

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6
Q

Describe the different patterns and shape of the matter:

A

Solid: regular pattern and fixed shape
Liquid: no pattern and takes the shape of its container
Gas: no pattern and no shape

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7
Q

Discuss the speed of vibration and movement of the particles

A

Solid: average and vibrating in a fixed position
Liquid: fast vibrations and vibrates and moves around each other
Gas: very fast and moves freely.

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8
Q

What are the four characteristics of matter:

A
  1. Made up of tiny particles too small to see
  2. The particles of matter have spaces between them
  3. Particles of matter are always moving or vibrating
  4. Heating particles gives them more energy and makes them move faster.
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9
Q

What is sublimation

A

From solid to gas

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10
Q

What is deposition

A

From gas to solid

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11
Q

What is melting

A

From solid to liquid

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12
Q

What is freezing

A

From liquid to solid

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13
Q

States of matter. What do we call it when we go from a liquid to a gas?

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

What is it called when matter goes from a gas to a liquid?

A

Condensation

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15
Q

What is it called when matter goes from a gas to a solid?

A

Deposition

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16
Q

What is it called when matter goes from a solid to a gas?

A

Sublimation

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17
Q

What is it called when matter goes from a solid to a liquid?

A

Melting

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18
Q

What is it called when matter goes from a liquid to a solid?

A

Freezing

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19
Q

Explain an experiment to prove that matter takes up space.

A

Use a container of water. Add a weight and a balloon. The water level rises.

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20
Q

Mixing substances. Solid substances. Give an example

A

Peanuts and raisins

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21
Q

Mixing substances. Solid and liquid substances. Give an example.

A

Mix a solid and liquid together. Jelly powder and water.

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22
Q

Mixing substances. Mixing two liquids together.

A

Tea and milk.

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23
Q

Mixtures practical. What happens when you mixed a solid and a liquid?

A

The solid settles on the bottom. The liquid changes. Flour, sand and curry powder.

24
Q

Mixtures practical. What happens when you mix two liquids.

A

When you mixed food colouring the liquids mixed and became a solution.
When you mixed oil and water, the two remained separate with clear layers.

25
Q

List six ways to separate mixtures:

A

Physically, sieving, filtering, hand sorting, settling and decanting.

26
Q

Explain how physical separating of mixtures works:

A

It refers to more than a separation method. It includes using hands, tools (magnet) to separate the mixture.

27
Q

Explain how sieving separates a mixture.

A

Sieving uses a tool with holes in it that allows pieces of a certain size to pass.

28
Q

Explain how filtering separates a mixture:

A

Filtering means to separate a liquid and substance by pouring it through a material like filter paper or mesh fabric.

29
Q

Explain how you use hand sorting to separate mixtures.

A

Hand sorting is when a mixture of solids is separated physically using your hands.

30
Q

Explain how settling separates mixtures

A

Settling is allowing a substance mixed with a liquid to settle at the bottom of a container.

31
Q

Explain how decanting separates mixtures

A

Decanting is when you carefully tilt a container and pour off the layer of the mixture.

32
Q

What is the definition of a mixture

A

Two or more substances that are mixed together

33
Q

What is the definition of separate

A

To break up a mixture into the substances mixed.

34
Q

What does soluble mean

A

It can dissolve

35
Q

What does insoluble mean

A

It cant dissolve

36
Q

What does solubility mean

A

How well a substance can dissolve in a liquid

37
Q

What is a solution

A

A mixture where we cannot identify the different substances

38
Q

What is it called when we add a solid to a liquid and it seems to disappear

A

A solution

39
Q

Give an example of a solution

A

Add sugar to tea
Solid Liquid
You know the sugar is still there cause you can taste it in your tea
The sugar has dissolved in the tea

40
Q

What does dissolved mean

A

The sugar particles have moved in to the spaces Between the liquid particles

41
Q

Solutions are uniform in appearance

The meaning is …

A

The solutions look the same
It looks like 1 pure substance

42
Q

What is a soluble substance?

A

Substances that can dissolve in liquids to form a solution (like sugar/ salt)

43
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid in which the solid substance dissolves in (eg. Water)

44
Q

What is a solute?

A

The solid substance that dissolves in the liquid (eg. Sugar)

45
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

Substances that do not dissolve in liquid such as sand

46
Q

What is solubility?

A

The ability of a substance to dissolve in another.

47
Q

What is the difference between melting and dissolving?

A

Melting: heat is added to change from one state of matter to another (solid to liquid)
Dissolving: when the particles of one substance spread out between the particles of another (sugar and tea)

48
Q

How can you separate solutions?

A

It cannot be separated by sieving, filtering, settling, decanting or hand sorting.
It can be separated by crystallization

49
Q

What is crystallization?

A

When you evaporate the solvent.
Eg. salt solution: The water evaporates and salt crystals remain behind.
The water particles evaporate when they are heated by the sun. The water particles gain energy, break away from each other and become a gas called water vapor. The water vapor moves between the air particles and we can no longer see them. Solid salt crystals will be left behind.

50
Q

Explain large scale crystallization

A

When salt is recovered from sea water.
Sea water is pumped into shallow dams and allowed to evaporate.
Windy and sunny. Conditions are necessary.
Veldrift on the west coast.

51
Q

How can a mixture be separated?

A

Filtering. A special paper, called filtering paper, is folded and put into a funnel. The mixture is then poured through it. If we filter a mixture of a fine substance like curry powder mixed with water, the curry powder will remain behind in the filter paper while the water will pass through.

52
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

You put too much sugar in the tea. It didn’t all dissolve.
This means there is no more space to dissolve more solute between the solvent particles. If you add more solute to the saturated solution, it will settle undissolved at the bottom of the container.

53
Q

What are three factored that affect the rate of dissolving?

A

Temperature
Grain size of the solute
Stirring or shaking the solution

54
Q

What does rate of dissolving mean?

A

How quickly the particles of the solute spread out between the particles of the solvent.

55
Q

Explain how temperature links to rate of dissolving:

A

When we increase the temperature of a substance, the heat adds energy to the particles. The energy makes them move faster. In a heated solvent the particles of the solute move faster than in a cooler solvent this allows the particles of the solute to disperse through the solution more easily

56
Q

How does grain size of the solute affect dissolving?

A

It takes longer for a solute with a bigger grain size to dissolve, smaller grain sizes, dissolve faster as they can move between the solvent particles easily. Some solutes like sugar cubes are grains pressed together to form a solid. These types of solutes like sugar cubes take longer to dissolve as the grains must first break apart before spreading between the solvent

57
Q

How does staring or shaking the solution help dissolving

A

Stirring or shaking, causes the particles of the solute to spread out into the spaces between the particles of the solvent, more quickly an example, when you add sugar to tea if you do not stir the tea after adding the sugar and dissolve sugar will be at the bottom of the mug

Grade 6 (12 decks)

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