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Grade 6 > Geography 2 Term 3 > Flashcards

Geography 2 Term 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a predator?

A

An animal that hunts kills and eats other animals

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2
Q

What is mild climate?

A

Climate, that is not very hot or very cold

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3
Q

What is nocturnal?

A

An animal that is active at night

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4
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Destroying a Forest by cutting down or burning trees

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5
Q

What is a nomad?

A

A person who does not have a fixed home and moves from place to place in search of water, food and grazing

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6
Q

What is climate?

A

The usual weather of a place over a long period of time

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7
Q

What is oasis?

A

A place in the desert where there’s water

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8
Q

What is an evergreen?

A

trees that do not lose their leaves in winter

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9
Q

What is a canopy?

A

A cover

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10
Q

What is extinct?

A

Plant or animal is extinct and all of its kind has died

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11
Q

What is an adaption?

A

A characteristic of a plant or animal that helps. It survive in the conditions where it lives.

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12
Q

What is prey?

A

An animal that is caught an eaten by another animal

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13
Q

What does it mean to migrate?

A

To move from one place to another

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14
Q

What is a climate graph?

A

A graph which shows the average rainfall and temperature for one place over a year

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15
Q

What does it mean to hibernate?

A

To spend the winter asleep

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16
Q

What is logging

A

Cutting down trees for wood

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17
Q

What does what does weather describe

A

What the temperature, wind, rainfall and cloud, cover are like over a short period of time

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18
Q

Which four aspects do we refer to when we speak about weather

A

Temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and cloud cover and visibility

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19
Q

What Does climate describe

A

What’s the weather is like over a longer period of time

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20
Q

How hot is very hot

A

Over 30°C

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21
Q

How hot is hot?

A

20°C to 30°C

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22
Q

How hot is warm?

A

10°C to 20°C

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23
Q

How cold is cool?

A

0°C to 10°C

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24
Q

How cold is cool?

A

0°C to 10°C

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25
Q

How cold is cold?

A

-10°C to 0°C

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26
Q

How cold is very cold

A

Less than -10°C

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27
Q

How wet is very wet

A

Over 2000 mm of rain

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28
Q

How wet is wet?

A

1000 to 2000 mm of rain fall

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29
Q

How wet is moderately wet

A

500 to 1000 mm of rain fall

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30
Q

How dry is dry

A

250 to 500 mm of rainfall

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31
Q

How dry is very dry

A

Less than 250 mm of rainfall

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32
Q

the tsitsikamma forest has 950mm of rainfall a year. That means it is …

A

Moderately wet

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33
Q

Give me five facts about tropical rainforests

A
  1. It rains every day of the year between 3 PM and 4 PM.
  2. vegetation grows throughout the year. ( no Winters! )
  3. They are over 1000 different kinds of trees.
  4. The soil is a flip quality if the forests are removed.
  5. Burning and removing trees that 100s of years old cause problems.
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34
Q

Where are tropical rainforests found?

A

Between the tropic of cancer, and the tropic of Capricorn

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35
Q

What runs between the tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn?

A

The Equator

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36
Q

Which important line of latitude runs through most tropical rainforests

A

The equator

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37
Q

Why are these rainforest called the tropical rainforests?

A

They are found between the tropics

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38
Q

What is the average annual temperature in the tropical rainforests?

A

25°C

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39
Q

How many percent of the earths plants and animal species live in tropical rainforests

A

50%

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40
Q

What do animals and plants have to help them survive in tropical rainforests?

A

Special adaptations

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41
Q

What are emergents ?

A

Tallest trees that stick up above the canopy

42
Q

What are trees that barely shred their leaves Called

A

Evergreen trees

43
Q

Name the 4 layers of a tropical rainforest

A

Emergents, canopy, shrub layer/ understory and forest floor

44
Q

In witch layer of the tropical rainforests are the tallest trees that stick out above the rest of the trees

A

Emergent layer

45
Q

In witch layer of the tropical rainforests do most animals live

A

Canopy

46
Q

In the tropical rainforest what is the canopy made up of.

A

Overlapping branches and leaves of rainforest trees

47
Q

What does the canopy’s Overlapping branches and leaves do

A

Shade the lower levels and block the rainfall

48
Q

How does water get through the Overlapping branches and leaves of rainforest trees

A

It drips through to the lower levels

49
Q

What do the plants in the understory of the tropical rainforest do to catch water/ sunlight

A

To catch sunlight :leaves are broad to catch light
To catch water: some leaves are arranged to catch water.

50
Q

What. Takes place on the forest floor

A

Decomposition, as a result of dead plants and animals

51
Q

What happens as a result of the constant shade on the forest floor

A

It is dark and humid on the forest floor

52
Q

How many levels are there in a tropical rainforest. List them

A

4, emergents, canopy, shrub layer/ understory, forest floor

53
Q

How tall are the tallest trees in a tropical rainforest

A

50m

54
Q

How tall are the tallest trees in a tropical rainforest

A

50m

55
Q

How tall are the canopy trees in a tropical rainforest

A

35-38m

56
Q

How does the canopy of trees affect the conditions lower down in the forest

A

They get less sunlight and water

57
Q

Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the high rainfall in the tropical rainforest

A

Drip tips so water can flow off them

58
Q

Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the strong sun and high temperatures in the tropical rainforest

A

Smaller leathery leaves

59
Q

Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the lack of water in the lower levels in the tropical rainforest

A

Plants are arranged to catch water and store it

60
Q

Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the lack of light in the lower levels in
tropical rainforest

A

Bigger leaves to catch sunlight, lianas climb up trees 2 reach sunlight, trees grow taller to reach the sunlight

61
Q

Are buttress roots an adaptation. Why do you say so

A

Yes they have grown big so that the trees can stand tall, to get more sunlight and water

62
Q

Why do many animals live in a tropical rainforest

A

There is lots of water and an abundance of food
It is warm

63
Q

How much of the earth does tropical rainforest cover
What percentage of the earth’s animals live in tropical rainforests

A

O7%
5O%

64
Q

What adaptation do sloths have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A

Green algae in their fur
It helps them blend in with the leaves so predators don’t see the sloths

65
Q

What adaptation do toucans have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A

Large strong beaks
1. Helps them reach food at the end for long branches
2. Helps them crack open nuts
3. Helps them cool down

66
Q

What adaptation do rainforest monkeys and apes have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A
  1. Long arms
    1️⃣. To help them swing through trees to find food and keep away from predators on the forest floor
  2. Tail like an hand
    1️⃣. Helps the animals hold on to branches
67
Q

What adaptation do big cats ( jaguars and tigers ) have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A

Markings: provide camouflage

Ability to swim: they can catch fish

68
Q

What adaptation do frogs and toads have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A

Sticky pads on their feet: climb up trees to find insects to eat

Widely spaced toes with webs between them: help them glide from tree to tree

69
Q

What adaptation do peccaries have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive

A

Strong jaws: crack tough nuts

Sensitive noses: sniff for food that is under the ground

70
Q

What are the main reasons that causes deforestation

A

To make space to grow crops
Searching for coal and minerals
Wood for furniture and fire
Land for cattle to graze on
Pulp for making paper and toilet paper
Road construction

71
Q

What are 2 consequences of deforestation

A

Plants and animals die out
Local people suffer

72
Q

Why are rainforests called the lungs of the planet

A

Because of their role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen

73
Q

Why are rainforests important to us

A

They help in the following ways:
Help to stabilise the worlds climate
Provide a home for many plants and animals
Are a source for medicine and food
Provide us with oxygen which we need to survive

74
Q

What is the biggest country in the Congo rainforest

A

DRC ( democratic republic of the Congo)

75
Q

What is the biggest cause of deforestation in the DRC’s rainforest

A

Logging

76
Q

What effect does deforestation have on local people in the rainforest

A

The local people loose their houses and knowledge

77
Q

What losses could africa experience if the rainforests disappeared

A

Less medicine
Local people loose their homes
Less oxygen produced by plants

78
Q

Which important lines of latitude run through the worlds deserts

A

Tropics of cancer and Capricorn

79
Q

Which continent has no deserts

A

Europe
( Antarctica has cold deserts )

80
Q

In which seasons is it hot in the desert

A

All seasons

81
Q

Why is it so dry in the desert

A

There is very little rainfall every year
( only a few millimetres a month )

82
Q

Will it be hottest in the same months in South Africa and Canada
Why or why not

A

No, they are in different hemispheres so when it is summer in one it is winter in the other

83
Q

What are some adaptations that desert plant have that help them survive

A
  1. Store water
  2. Collect water
  3. Lose as little water as possible
  4. Stay as cool as possible
84
Q

How have aloes adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert

A

Wax coatings on leaves: to keep in moisture so that they loose as little water as possible
Fleshy leaves: store water
Arrangement of leaves: collect water at the base of the plant

85
Q

How have old man cactuses adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert

A

Shiny white hairs: reflect sunlight and keep plant cool
Widely spread roots just below the surface: helps To take as much water as possible when it rains
Spikes instead of leaves: helps to reduce Water loss

86
Q

List 5 adaptations of animals in the desert

A

Live in burrow underground: cool
Nocturnal: sleep in day active at night when it is cooler
Bright in colour: reflects sunlight
Long ears with good supply of blood vessels: allow them to loose heat
Get water from food they eat

87
Q

How does the fennec fox survive in the desert

A

Lives in a burrow
is nocturnal so it’s active at night
Light colour to reflect sunlight
Long ears help it to loose heat

88
Q

How does the camal survive in the desert

A

Nostrils can close to keep out sand
2 rows of eyelashes to protect eyes from sand and provide shade
Hump stores fat so it can go a long time without food
Able to drink up to 46L of water to stay hydrated for long time

89
Q

Who are the Tuareg

A

Nomadic herder’s and traders

90
Q

Where do the Tuareg live
for how long have they lived there

A

In the Sahara desert
They have lived there for thousands of years

91
Q

What do the Tuareg use as fuel for their fires

A

Dung

92
Q

What is an oasis

A

A place in the desert where there is water

93
Q

What is a conifer tree

A

A tree that grows needles instead of leaves and cones instead of flowers

94
Q

How long can heavy snowfall last in a coniferous forest

A

Up to 6 months

95
Q

Is there more snow or rain in a coniferous forest

A

Snow

96
Q

When are the summer months in a coniferous forest

A

June July and august

97
Q

Which lines of latitude in runs through the center of the worlds coniferous

A

60 degrees North

98
Q

In which 3 hemispheres are coniferous forests found in

A

Northern himsiphere
Eastern himsiphere
Western himsiphere

99
Q

When does rain fall in coniferous forests

A

In June July and august

100
Q

What is the purposeful clearing of trees and other vegetation called

A

Deforestation

101
Q

What animal has been used for centuries to help people cross the desert

A

A camel

Grade 6 (12 decks)

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