Geography 2 Term 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a predator?
A
An animal that hunts kills and eats other animals
2
Q
What is mild climate?
A
Climate, that is not very hot or very cold
3
Q
What is nocturnal?
A
An animal that is active at night
4
Q
What is deforestation?
A
Destroying a Forest by cutting down or burning trees
5
Q
What is a nomad?
A
A person who does not have a fixed home and moves from place to place in search of water, food and grazing
6
Q
What is climate?
A
The usual weather of a place over a long period of time
7
Q
What is oasis?
A
A place in the desert where there’s water
8
Q
What is an evergreen?
A
trees that do not lose their leaves in winter
9
Q
What is a canopy?
A
A cover
10
Q
What is extinct?
A
Plant or animal is extinct and all of its kind has died
11
Q
What is an adaption?
A
A characteristic of a plant or animal that helps. It survive in the conditions where it lives.
12
Q
What is prey?
A
An animal that is caught an eaten by another animal
13
Q
What does it mean to migrate?
A
To move from one place to another
14
Q
What is a climate graph?
A
A graph which shows the average rainfall and temperature for one place over a year
15
Q
What does it mean to hibernate?
A
To spend the winter asleep
16
Q
What is logging
A
Cutting down trees for wood
17
Q
What does what does weather describe
A
What the temperature, wind, rainfall and cloud, cover are like over a short period of time
18
Q
Which four aspects do we refer to when we speak about weather
A
Temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction and cloud cover and visibility
19
Q
What Does climate describe
A
What’s the weather is like over a longer period of time
20
Q
How hot is very hot
A
Over 30°C
21
Q
How hot is hot?
A
20°C to 30°C
22
Q
How hot is warm?
A
10°C to 20°C
23
Q
How cold is cool?
A
0°C to 10°C
24
Q
How cold is cool?
A
0°C to 10°C
25
How cold is cold?
-10°C to 0°C
26
How cold is very cold
Less than -10°C
27
How wet is very wet
Over 2000 mm of rain
28
How wet is wet?
1000 to 2000 mm of rain fall
29
How wet is moderately wet
500 to 1000 mm of rain fall
30
How dry is dry
250 to 500 mm of rainfall
31
How dry is very dry
Less than 250 mm of rainfall
32
the tsitsikamma forest has 950mm of rainfall a year. That means it is …
Moderately wet
33
Give me five facts about tropical rainforests
1. It rains every day of the year between 3 PM and 4 PM.
2. vegetation grows throughout the year. ( no Winters! )
3. They are over 1000 different kinds of trees.
4. The soil is a flip quality if the forests are removed.
5. Burning and removing trees that 100s of years old cause problems.
34
Where are tropical rainforests found?
Between the tropic of cancer, and the tropic of Capricorn
35
What runs between the tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn?
The Equator
36
Which important line of latitude runs through most tropical rainforests
The equator
37
Why are these rainforest called the tropical rainforests?
They are found between the tropics
38
What is the average annual temperature in the tropical rainforests?
25°C
39
How many percent of the earths plants and animal species live in tropical rainforests
50%
40
What do animals and plants have to help them survive in tropical rainforests?
Special adaptations
41
What are emergents ?
Tallest trees that stick up above the canopy
42
What are trees that barely shred their leaves Called
Evergreen trees
43
Name the 4 layers of a tropical rainforest
Emergents, canopy, shrub layer/ understory and forest floor
44
In witch layer of the tropical rainforests are the tallest trees that stick out above the rest of the trees
Emergent layer
45
In witch layer of the tropical rainforests do most animals live
Canopy
46
In the tropical rainforest what is the canopy made up of.
Overlapping branches and leaves of rainforest trees
47
What does the canopy’s Overlapping branches and leaves do
Shade the lower levels and block the rainfall
48
How does water get through the Overlapping branches and leaves of rainforest trees
It drips through to the lower levels
49
What do the plants in the understory of the tropical rainforest do to catch water/ sunlight
To catch sunlight :leaves are broad to catch light
To catch water: some leaves are arranged to catch water.
50
What. Takes place on the forest floor
Decomposition, as a result of dead plants and animals
51
What happens as a result of the constant shade on the forest floor
It is dark and humid on the forest floor
52
How many levels are there in a tropical rainforest. List them
4, emergents, canopy, shrub layer/ understory, forest floor
53
How tall are the tallest trees in a tropical rainforest
50m
54
How tall are the tallest trees in a tropical rainforest
50m
55
How tall are the canopy trees in a tropical rainforest
35-38m
56
How does the canopy of trees affect the conditions lower down in the forest
They get less sunlight and water
57
Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the high rainfall in the tropical rainforest
Drip tips so water can flow off them
58
Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the strong sun and high temperatures in the tropical rainforest
Smaller leathery leaves
59
Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the lack of water in the lower levels in the tropical rainforest
Plants are arranged to catch water and store it
60
Give at least one example of how plants have adapted to the lack of light in the lower levels in
tropical rainforest
Bigger leaves to catch sunlight, lianas climb up trees 2 reach sunlight, trees grow taller to reach the sunlight
61
Are buttress roots an adaptation. Why do you say so
Yes they have grown big so that the trees can stand tall, to get more sunlight and water
62
Why do many animals live in a tropical rainforest
There is lots of water and an abundance of food
It is warm
63
How much of the earth does tropical rainforest cover
What percentage of the earth’s animals live in tropical rainforests
O7%
5O%
64
What adaptation do sloths have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
Green algae in their fur
It helps them blend in with the leaves so predators don’t see the sloths
65
What adaptation do toucans have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
Large strong beaks
1. Helps them reach food at the end for long branches
2. Helps them crack open nuts
3. Helps them cool down
66
What adaptation do rainforest monkeys and apes have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
1. Long arms
1️⃣. To help them swing through trees to find food and keep away from predators on the forest floor
2. Tail like an hand
1️⃣. Helps the animals hold on to branches
67
What adaptation do big cats ( jaguars and tigers ) have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
Markings: provide camouflage
Ability to swim: they can catch fish
68
What adaptation do frogs and toads have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
Sticky pads on their feet: climb up trees to find insects to eat
Widely spaced toes with webs between them: help them glide from tree to tree
69
What adaptation do peccaries have in a tropical rainforest and how does it help them to survive
Strong jaws: crack tough nuts
Sensitive noses: sniff for food that is under the ground
70
What are the main reasons that causes deforestation
To make space to grow crops
Searching for coal and minerals
Wood for furniture and fire
Land for cattle to graze on
Pulp for making paper and toilet paper
Road construction
71
What are 2 consequences of deforestation
Plants and animals die out
Local people suffer
72
Why are rainforests called the lungs of the planet
Because of their role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen
73
Why are rainforests important to us
They help in the following ways:
Help to stabilise the worlds climate
Provide a home for many plants and animals
Are a source for medicine and food
Provide us with oxygen which we need to survive
74
What is the biggest country in the Congo rainforest
DRC ( democratic republic of the Congo)
75
What is the biggest cause of deforestation in the DRC’s rainforest
Logging
76
What effect does deforestation have on local people in the rainforest
The local people loose their houses and knowledge
77
What losses could africa experience if the rainforests disappeared
Less medicine
Local people loose their homes
Less oxygen produced by plants
78
Which important lines of latitude run through the worlds deserts
Tropics of cancer and Capricorn
79
Which continent has no deserts
Europe
( Antarctica has cold deserts )
80
In which seasons is it hot in the desert
All seasons
81
Why is it so dry in the desert
There is very little rainfall every year
( only a few millimetres a month )
82
Will it be hottest in the same months in South Africa and Canada
Why or why not
No, they are in different hemispheres so when it is summer in one it is winter in the other
83
What are some adaptations that desert plant have that help them survive
1. Store water
2. Collect water
3. Lose as little water as possible
4. Stay as cool as possible
84
How have aloes adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert
Wax coatings on leaves: to keep in moisture so that they loose as little water as possible
Fleshy leaves: store water
Arrangement of leaves: collect water at the base of the plant
85
How have old man cactuses adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert
Shiny white hairs: reflect sunlight and keep plant cool
Widely spread roots just below the surface: helps To take as much water as possible when it rains
Spikes instead of leaves: helps to reduce Water loss
86
List 5 adaptations of animals in the desert
Live in burrow underground: cool
Nocturnal: sleep in day active at night when it is cooler
Bright in colour: reflects sunlight
Long ears with good supply of blood vessels: allow them to loose heat
Get water from food they eat
87
How does the fennec fox survive in the desert
Lives in a burrow
is nocturnal so it’s active at night
Light colour to reflect sunlight
Long ears help it to loose heat
88
How does the camal survive in the desert
Nostrils can close to keep out sand
2 rows of eyelashes to protect eyes from sand and provide shade
Hump stores fat so it can go a long time without food
Able to drink up to 46L of water to stay hydrated for long time
89
Who are the Tuareg
Nomadic herder’s and traders
90
Where do the Tuareg live
for how long have they lived there
In the Sahara desert
They have lived there for thousands of years
91
What do the Tuareg use as fuel for their fires
Dung
92
What is an oasis
A place in the desert where there is water
93
What is a conifer tree
A tree that grows needles instead of leaves and cones instead of flowers
94
How long can heavy snowfall last in a coniferous forest
Up to 6 months
95
Is there more snow or rain in a coniferous forest
Snow
96
When are the summer months in a coniferous forest
June July and august
97
Which lines of latitude in runs through the center of the worlds coniferous
60 degrees North
98
In which 3 hemispheres are coniferous forests found in
Northern himsiphere
Eastern himsiphere
Western himsiphere
99
When does rain fall in coniferous forests
In June July and august
100
What is the purposeful clearing of trees and other vegetation called
Deforestation
101
What animal has been used for centuries to help people cross the desert
A camel
