History Flashcards
1
Q
Define the term history
A
The study of past events
2
Q
What does AD stand for
A
Anno Domini ( year of our lord )
3
Q
What does BC stand for
A
Before Christ
4
Q
Why did the farmers in the Limpopo valley mostly keep cattle
A
It was very dry so growing crops was difficult
5
Q
What two crops did the Limpopo valley farmers manage to grow
A
Cotton and sorghum
6
Q
Describe in your own words what is a settlement is
A
A Settlement is a place where many people live close together
7
Q
What does the word trade mean?
A
It is the action of buying and selling goods/services. We exchange something for something else.
8
Q
Did Swahili traders come down the east or the west coast of Africa
A
East
9
Q
Do people pay money to learn facts about other societies?
A
no
10
Q
How did the people living in the Limpopo Valley learn about people living in other places
A
They learnt about other people through trade. Swahili traders came from the east to trade with them
11
Q
Explain in detail, what the traders taught each other about each other?
A
Culture - songs, language, cooking/types of food
Custom - way of life, traditions
Crafts - how to make goods, usually for selling
12
Q
What is BC replaced with?
A
BCE ( before common era )
13
Q
What does A.D. replaced with?
A
CE
Common era
14
Q
What is another name for a midden
A
Rubbish dump
15
Q
Describe what sort of information and archaeologist could learn from a midden
A
What tools did they use/how they lived/where people live/what people look like (from bones)/who they traded with/what they ate.
16
Q
What does a archaeologist do
A
An archaeologist studies people and cultures from the past.
They try to find evidence of past societies - excavate / dig up areas / dumps.
17
Q
What did the people who lived in the Limpopo Valley exchange for new goods
A
Animal skin , ivory , rhinoceros horns , gold
18
Q
How did the Zhizo people become very rich and powerful
A
They controlled the trade
19
Q
What possible reason there be for people deciding to settle near to leaders in a position of power
A
Security/protection
Food and jobs
near to the trade route to sell goods/ get jobs in the trade industry
20
Q
In your own words, describe what the Persians saw when they arrived
A
They saw wild elephants
The gold the land produced
People wearing animal skin
21
Q
What does Zanj mean in Persian
A
Black
22
Q
What was the first State in Southern Africa
And when
A
Mapungubwe
1220 - 1300
23
Q
Where did mapungubwe get its name
A
The king
24
Q
What was the king of mapungubwe called
A
The mambo
25
What was put on mapungubwe hill to make it level
Thousands of tons of sand
26
The houses of which people were built on mapungubwe hill
The huts of the kings wives,
senior sister / diviners
Advisors
Healers
Guard
27
What did the people of mapungubwe believe about the king
They believed that the king had a special relationship with the gods and ancestors
28
What gave the king a sacred right to rule
The belief that he had a special relationship with the gods and ancestors
29
Why did the king move his homestead to the top of mapungubwe hill
To remind his people that he had control over the rain needed for good crops , and control over floods and drought
30
What did the king do when he built the first stone walled palace.
He screened his homestead off from the rest of his people
He empathized that he was more important than ordinary people
He made it difficult to get in ( only 3 ladders to climb to get in
31
Apart from the homestead built on mapungubwe hill and the castle who was buried there and what was found
A graveyard
The royal family was buried there
There were special gold objects found
32
The special gold objects found in the graves on mapungubwe hill symbolize
What else did they also show
power . They also showed that he was richer than the people who lived in the town at the bottom of the hill
33
What was the only metal on by rich people?
Gold
34
What did gold symbolize?
Power
35
Name two golden objects, found at the top of mapungubwe hill, and what did they symbolize?
A golden scepter: held by the king to show his power and importance
A gold rhino: power and importance
36
Was the kingdom of mapungubwe an organize state
Yes
37
Explain the system of tax that the people of mapungubwe had to pay and what was it called
The people payed the money to chief who in turn payed it to the king
It was called a tribute
38
How many people lived at the bottom of mapungubwe hill
5000
39
Why did so little people live at the bottom of the hill
There were walls on the north and south sides of the town
40
Write the order of the social hierarchy
King , his family and attendants
⬇️
Wealthy and elite (royal)
⬇️
Ordinary people
41
How did the people of mapungubwe function as an organized state
The farmers had to pay a tax. This was called a tribute. They payed it to the chief . The chief payed it to the king . In exchange the rulers and kings looked after the farmers in times of drought and war
42
who was the most elite group in mapungubwe
The royal family
43
What was the kings sister usually
The chief diviner
44
Was every man allowed to make metals such as gold,copper and brass ?
If not who could?
No
Just men of a higher status
45
How were metals probably made in mapungubwe
1. the rock that contain the metal is heated at a very high temperature until the gold or iron was separated from the rock
2. The precious metals were then heated again, and beaten into shape.
46
Who smelted gold mapungubwe
Only a few special people
47
What was the smelted gold in mapungubwe made into
And what did they do with it
Jewelry and objects to trade with
48
Only who could handle or wear gold
People of High Status
49
What did the people who lived in mapungubwe make with iron
Arrowheads for hunting
Adzes: a tool for smoothing and carving wood
Chisels
Axes
50
What did the poor people of mapungubwe do if they didn’t have iron tools ?
They used stone and bone tools
51
By 1200 what did the mambo control
The trade from the Limpopo valley to the east coast of Africa
52
Where did the where did the gold come from that the people in mapungubwe traded for
It mostly came from the Limpopo River in a place we call Zimbabwe today
53
What was very rare in around 1200
Glass beads were very rare in Africa, and therefore had great value
54
What is the very rare glass beads used for?
Beads were used by wealthy people to buy cattle
55
How did how did cattle make a man rich?
Cattle made a man wealthy as he could exchange them for brides, who intern gave him children who could work in the fields and look after his cattle
56
Where did the Limpopo river lead traders?
Trading port called chibuene
57
Why was it helpful for the traders to walk along the river instead of in land?
They didn’t have to carry water, which gave them a lighter load to carry
58
The traders wear when they walked Limpopo river on their way to chibuene
Hunger belts: around their waists
Goods to trade: on their heads
59
What did they do with hunger belts
They pulled these belts tight around their waist when they were hungry as this prevented them from feeling hungry
60
What is mapungubwe
A world heritage site
61
What does it mean to be a world heritage site
It means that it has been recognized as an important place for all the worlds people
62
What does Mapungubwe remind us of
It reminds us that there were large, organized kingdoms in Africa many hundreds of years ago.
63
Is mapungubwe a tourist site as well as a world heritage site
Yes
64
What is the Order of mapungubwe
A special award given to South Africans who have served the country well. The award is given once a year to a few people.
65
What emerged after mapungubwe disappeared
Great Zimbabwe
66
What are the similarities and differences between mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe
Similarities:
Both ruled by kings
They both traded with east coast traders
Both had social hierarchies
Differences:
G.Z was bigger is size
The population of G.Z. Was bigger compared to mapungubwe
67
Explain how the organized state worked in mapungubwe & what the system was called
The farmers had to pay a tax called tribute to their chief who payed it to the king who promised them protection in drought and war
68
What was iron used to make in mapungubwe
Arrowheads
Adzes
Axes
Chisels
69
What is a adzes
A tool used to carve and smooth wood
70
Where did the gold come from that the mapungubwe people were trading
The river
71
What were beads used to buy
Cattle
72
What does the order of Mapungubwe award recognize?
South Africans who have served the country well
73
What was the name of the kingdom that developed as the first state in southern Africa?
Mapungubwe
74
What was the kingdom named after?
The mambo
75
What caused the tension between the king and his people in the kingdom
The drought
76
What is an easy to build on the hill of Mapungubwe
Why
No, because the builders had to carry up everything
77
Who lived on mapungubwe hill with the king
Wives, healers, advises senior sister and guards
78
Why did people living in mapungubwe respect and listen to the king give two reasons
They believed he had power over drought
They believed he had a relationship with their gods and ancestors
79
Why was the royal family buried with golden objects?F
Because gold was a sign of power
80
List two changes that occurred in mapungubwe in 1300 AD
The king and his court left the hill
The town began to disappear
81
Why did the Kingdom of mapungubwe come to end
Traders began to travel a long the Zambezi River ( further north )
82
Where does the word mapungubwe come from
It comes from the Shona language
83
In 1300AD the king and his court had left Mapungubwe and the great town began to disappear.
Why?
Historians believe traders from the coast of africa began to travel along the Zambezi River, which is north of Limpopo… and a new larger state emerged.
84
What was the new state, that took the place of mapungubwe, called?
Great Zimbabwe.
85
Give me some facts about Great Zimbabwe:
1. Traders travelled along the Zambezi. The east coast trade now went to and from a new capital city. 18000 people lived at the centre of the new kingdom.
86
Between 1300 and 1450 who did the king of Zimbabwe rule over?
All of the area we call Zimbabwe. Also parts of northern South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique
87
Where does Zimbabwe come from and what does it mean?
It comes from the Shona language and means capital of a leader.
88
Initially there were 200 Zimbabwe’s. Explain.
Each Zimbabwe (capital) had its own ruler. District rulers lived in small Zimbabwe’s. Provincial rulers (who were more important) lived in bigger zimbabwes. The king- who was the most important- lived in the biggest Zimbabwe. It was called great Zimbabwe.
89
What was the name of the kingdom that developed as the first state in Southern Africa?
Mapungubwe
90
Who was the kingdom of Mapungubwe named after?
The king, known as the mambo
91
What caused the tension between the king and his people in the kingdom?
When
Drought in 1220 AD
92
List three ways the king responded to the tension within his kingdom:
1. He showed his power by moving to the top of the hill (reminded his people he had control over the rain and could control floods and drought)
2. Built a wall around his palace.
3. Made it difficult to get to the top of the hill (only 3 ladders to the top)
93
Was it easy to build on the hill? Why?
No, it was not level. Tons of sand had to be carried to the top of the hill to make it level (followers carried) It was also difficult to get to the top of the hill.
94
Who lived on the hill with the king?
Wives, healers, advisers, senior sister, diviner, guards
95
Why did the people who lived in Mapungubwe respect the king?
He controlled the weather
Special relationships with the ancestors and gods (sacred right to rule)
96
Why were the royal family buried with gold?
Gold symbolizes power.
97
How did the organized state work in mapungubwe and what was the system called?
Tribute system:
1. Farmers paid tribute to local chief, who paid tribute to king (tax). In exchange the king looked after them in times of drought or war.
98
How was copper made?
Rock containing the metal was heated at a very high temp so the metal would separate from the rock. The metal was then heated again and beaten into shape.
99
What was iron used to make?
Arrowheads, adzes, chisels and axes.
100
What is an adzes?
Tool for smoothing and carving rocks
101
Where did the gold come from that the mapungubwe people were trading?
Zimbabwe
102
What were the beads used to buy?
Cattle
103
How did cattle make a man wealthy?
Cattle could be exchanged for wives. Wives gave children. Children looked after cattle and worked crops. Crops and cattle could be used for further trading to make him wealthy.
104
What is a world heritage site?
Place of importance to all the people in the world.
105
What does the order of mapungubwe award recognize?
South Africans who have served the country well.
106
List two changes that occurred in mapungubwe in 1300AD
The king and his court left the hill
The town in mapungubwe began to disappear.
107
The kingdom of mapungubwe came to an end because…
Traders began to travel along the Zambezi River (further north)
108
Compare the kingdom of mapungubwe and great Zimbabwe
Similar: both had kings as rulers, both traded with east coast traders and a social hierarchy was present in their community.
Differences: great Zimbabwe had a bigger kingdom and a bigger population.
109
What is the action of buying/ selling goods/ services called?
Trade
110
Who is a person who studies people and culture from the past?
Archeologists
111
What do we call the study of past events?
History
112
What was the challenge for farmers in the Limpopo valley in 880 AD
Soil was too dry
113
Trade enabled people across the world to:
Learn how to make new things
114
What did archaeologists find in the middle of k2
Glass, beads and ivory
115
The king responded to the tension in mapungubwe by:
Making it difficult to access the palace
116
The tribute system was:
A system of tax paid to the chief.
