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Grade 6 > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term history

A

The study of past events

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2
Q

What does AD stand for

A

Anno Domini ( year of our lord )

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3
Q

What does BC stand for

A

Before Christ

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4
Q

Why did the farmers in the Limpopo valley mostly keep cattle

A

It was very dry so growing crops was difficult

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5
Q

What two crops did the Limpopo valley farmers manage to grow

A

Cotton and sorghum

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6
Q

Describe in your own words what is a settlement is

A

A Settlement is a place where many people live close together

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7
Q

What does the word trade mean?

A

It is the action of buying and selling goods/services. We exchange something for something else.

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8
Q

Did Swahili traders come down the east or the west coast of Africa

A

East

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9
Q

Do people pay money to learn facts about other societies?

A

no

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10
Q

How did the people living in the Limpopo Valley learn about people living in other places

A

They learnt about other people through trade. Swahili traders came from the east to trade with them

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11
Q

Explain in detail, what the traders taught each other about each other?

A

Culture - songs, language, cooking/types of food

Custom - way of life, traditions
Crafts - how to make goods, usually for selling

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12
Q

What is BC replaced with?

A

BCE ( before common era )

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13
Q

What does A.D. replaced with?

A

CE
Common era

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14
Q

What is another name for a midden

A

Rubbish dump

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15
Q

Describe what sort of information and archaeologist could learn from a midden

A

What tools did they use/how they lived/where people live/what people look like (from bones)/who they traded with/what they ate.

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16
Q

What does a archaeologist do

A

An archaeologist studies people and cultures from the past.
They try to find evidence of past societies - excavate / dig up areas / dumps.

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17
Q

What did the people who lived in the Limpopo Valley exchange for new goods

A

Animal skin , ivory , rhinoceros horns , gold

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18
Q

How did the Zhizo people become very rich and powerful

A

They controlled the trade

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19
Q

What possible reason there be for people deciding to settle near to leaders in a position of power

A

Security/protection
Food and jobs
near to the trade route to sell goods/ get jobs in the trade industry

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20
Q

In your own words, describe what the Persians saw when they arrived

A

They saw wild elephants
The gold the land produced
People wearing animal skin

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21
Q

What does Zanj mean in Persian

A

Black

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22
Q

What was the first State in Southern Africa

And when

A

Mapungubwe
1220 - 1300

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23
Q

Where did mapungubwe get its name

A

The king

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24
Q

What was the king of mapungubwe called

A

The mambo

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25
Q

What was put on mapungubwe hill to make it level

A

Thousands of tons of sand

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26
Q

The houses of which people were built on mapungubwe hill

A

The huts of the kings wives,
senior sister / diviners
Advisors
Healers
Guard

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27
Q

What did the people of mapungubwe believe about the king

A

They believed that the king had a special relationship with the gods and ancestors

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28
Q

What gave the king a sacred right to rule

A

The belief that he had a special relationship with the gods and ancestors

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29
Q

Why did the king move his homestead to the top of mapungubwe hill

A

To remind his people that he had control over the rain needed for good crops , and control over floods and drought

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30
Q

What did the king do when he built the first stone walled palace.

A

He screened his homestead off from the rest of his people
He empathized that he was more important than ordinary people
He made it difficult to get in ( only 3 ladders to climb to get in

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31
Q

Apart from the homestead built on mapungubwe hill and the castle who was buried there and what was found

A

A graveyard
The royal family was buried there
There were special gold objects found

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32
Q

The special gold objects found in the graves on mapungubwe hill symbolize
What else did they also show

A

power . They also showed that he was richer than the people who lived in the town at the bottom of the hill

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33
Q

What was the only metal on by rich people?

A

Gold

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34
Q

What did gold symbolize?

A

Power

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35
Q

Name two golden objects, found at the top of mapungubwe hill, and what did they symbolize?

A

A golden scepter: held by the king to show his power and importance

A gold rhino: power and importance

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36
Q

Was the kingdom of mapungubwe an organize state

A

Yes

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37
Q

Explain the system of tax that the people of mapungubwe had to pay and what was it called

A

The people payed the money to chief who in turn payed it to the king
It was called a tribute

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38
Q

How many people lived at the bottom of mapungubwe hill

A

5000

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39
Q

Why did so little people live at the bottom of the hill

A

There were walls on the north and south sides of the town

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40
Q

Write the order of the social hierarchy

A

King , his family and attendants
⬇️
Wealthy and elite (royal)
⬇️
Ordinary people

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41
Q

How did the people of mapungubwe function as an organized state

A

The farmers had to pay a tax. This was called a tribute. They payed it to the chief . The chief payed it to the king . In exchange the rulers and kings looked after the farmers in times of drought and war

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42
Q

who was the most elite group in mapungubwe

A

The royal family

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43
Q

What was the kings sister usually

A

The chief diviner

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44
Q

Was every man allowed to make metals such as gold,copper and brass ?
If not who could?

A

No
Just men of a higher status

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45
Q

How were metals probably made in mapungubwe

A
  1. the rock that contain the metal is heated at a very high temperature until the gold or iron was separated from the rock
  2. The precious metals were then heated again, and beaten into shape.
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46
Q

Who smelted gold mapungubwe

A

Only a few special people

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47
Q

What was the smelted gold in mapungubwe made into
And what did they do with it

A

Jewelry and objects to trade with

48
Q

Only who could handle or wear gold

A

People of High Status

49
Q

What did the people who lived in mapungubwe make with iron

A

Arrowheads for hunting
Adzes: a tool for smoothing and carving wood
Chisels
Axes

50
Q

What did the poor people of mapungubwe do if they didn’t have iron tools ?

A

They used stone and bone tools

51
Q

By 1200 what did the mambo control

A

The trade from the Limpopo valley to the east coast of Africa

52
Q

Where did the where did the gold come from that the people in mapungubwe traded for

A

It mostly came from the Limpopo River in a place we call Zimbabwe today

53
Q

What was very rare in around 1200

A

Glass beads were very rare in Africa, and therefore had great value

54
Q

What is the very rare glass beads used for?

A

Beads were used by wealthy people to buy cattle

55
Q

How did how did cattle make a man rich?

A

Cattle made a man wealthy as he could exchange them for brides, who intern gave him children who could work in the fields and look after his cattle

56
Q

Where did the Limpopo river lead traders?

A

Trading port called chibuene

57
Q

Why was it helpful for the traders to walk along the river instead of in land?

A

They didn’t have to carry water, which gave them a lighter load to carry

58
Q

The traders wear when they walked Limpopo river on their way to chibuene

A

Hunger belts: around their waists
Goods to trade: on their heads

59
Q

What did they do with hunger belts

A

They pulled these belts tight around their waist when they were hungry as this prevented them from feeling hungry

60
Q

What is mapungubwe

A

A world heritage site

61
Q

What does it mean to be a world heritage site

A

It means that it has been recognized as an important place for all the worlds people

62
Q

What does Mapungubwe remind us of

A

It reminds us that there were large, organized kingdoms in Africa many hundreds of years ago.

63
Q

Is mapungubwe a tourist site as well as a world heritage site

A

Yes

64
Q

What is the Order of mapungubwe

A

A special award given to South Africans who have served the country well. The award is given once a year to a few people.

65
Q

What emerged after mapungubwe disappeared

A

Great Zimbabwe

66
Q

What are the similarities and differences between mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe

A

Similarities:

Both ruled by kings
They both traded with east coast traders
Both had social hierarchies

Differences:

G.Z was bigger is size
The population of G.Z. Was bigger compared to mapungubwe

67
Q

Explain how the organized state worked in mapungubwe & what the system was called

A

The farmers had to pay a tax called tribute to their chief who payed it to the king who promised them protection in drought and war

68
Q

What was iron used to make in mapungubwe

A

Arrowheads
Adzes
Axes
Chisels

69
Q

What is a adzes

A

A tool used to carve and smooth wood

70
Q

Where did the gold come from that the mapungubwe people were trading

A

The river

71
Q

What were beads used to buy

A

Cattle

72
Q

What does the order of Mapungubwe award recognize?

A

South Africans who have served the country well

73
Q

What was the name of the kingdom that developed as the first state in southern Africa?

A

Mapungubwe

74
Q

What was the kingdom named after?

A

The mambo

75
Q

What caused the tension between the king and his people in the kingdom

A

The drought

76
Q

What is an easy to build on the hill of Mapungubwe
Why

A

No, because the builders had to carry up everything

77
Q

Who lived on mapungubwe hill with the king

A

Wives, healers, advises senior sister and guards

78
Q

Why did people living in mapungubwe respect and listen to the king give two reasons

A

They believed he had power over drought
They believed he had a relationship with their gods and ancestors

79
Q

Why was the royal family buried with golden objects?F

A

Because gold was a sign of power

80
Q

List two changes that occurred in mapungubwe in 1300 AD

A

The king and his court left the hill
The town began to disappear

81
Q

Why did the Kingdom of mapungubwe come to end

A

Traders began to travel a long the Zambezi River ( further north )

82
Q

Where does the word mapungubwe come from

A

It comes from the Shona language

83
Q

In 1300AD the king and his court had left Mapungubwe and the great town began to disappear.
Why?

A

Historians believe traders from the coast of africa began to travel along the Zambezi River, which is north of Limpopo… and a new larger state emerged.

84
Q

What was the new state, that took the place of mapungubwe, called?

A

Great Zimbabwe.

85
Q

Give me some facts about Great Zimbabwe:

A
  1. Traders travelled along the Zambezi. The east coast trade now went to and from a new capital city. 18000 people lived at the centre of the new kingdom.
86
Q

Between 1300 and 1450 who did the king of Zimbabwe rule over?

A

All of the area we call Zimbabwe. Also parts of northern South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique

87
Q

Where does Zimbabwe come from and what does it mean?

A

It comes from the Shona language and means capital of a leader.

88
Q

Initially there were 200 Zimbabwe’s. Explain.

A

Each Zimbabwe (capital) had its own ruler. District rulers lived in small Zimbabwe’s. Provincial rulers (who were more important) lived in bigger zimbabwes. The king- who was the most important- lived in the biggest Zimbabwe. It was called great Zimbabwe.

89
Q

What was the name of the kingdom that developed as the first state in Southern Africa?

A

Mapungubwe

90
Q

Who was the kingdom of Mapungubwe named after?

A

The king, known as the mambo

91
Q

What caused the tension between the king and his people in the kingdom?
When

A

Drought in 1220 AD

92
Q

List three ways the king responded to the tension within his kingdom:

A
  1. He showed his power by moving to the top of the hill (reminded his people he had control over the rain and could control floods and drought)
  2. Built a wall around his palace.
  3. Made it difficult to get to the top of the hill (only 3 ladders to the top)
93
Q

Was it easy to build on the hill? Why?

A

No, it was not level. Tons of sand had to be carried to the top of the hill to make it level (followers carried) It was also difficult to get to the top of the hill.

94
Q

Who lived on the hill with the king?

A

Wives, healers, advisers, senior sister, diviner, guards

95
Q

Why did the people who lived in Mapungubwe respect the king?

A

He controlled the weather
Special relationships with the ancestors and gods (sacred right to rule)

96
Q

Why were the royal family buried with gold?

A

Gold symbolizes power.

97
Q

How did the organized state work in mapungubwe and what was the system called?

A

Tribute system:
1. Farmers paid tribute to local chief, who paid tribute to king (tax). In exchange the king looked after them in times of drought or war.

98
Q

How was copper made?

A

Rock containing the metal was heated at a very high temp so the metal would separate from the rock. The metal was then heated again and beaten into shape.

99
Q

What was iron used to make?

A

Arrowheads, adzes, chisels and axes.

100
Q

What is an adzes?

A

Tool for smoothing and carving rocks

101
Q

Where did the gold come from that the mapungubwe people were trading?

A

Zimbabwe

102
Q

What were the beads used to buy?

A

Cattle

103
Q

How did cattle make a man wealthy?

A

Cattle could be exchanged for wives. Wives gave children. Children looked after cattle and worked crops. Crops and cattle could be used for further trading to make him wealthy.

104
Q

What is a world heritage site?

A

Place of importance to all the people in the world.

105
Q

What does the order of mapungubwe award recognize?

A

South Africans who have served the country well.

106
Q

List two changes that occurred in mapungubwe in 1300AD

A

The king and his court left the hill
The town in mapungubwe began to disappear.

107
Q

The kingdom of mapungubwe came to an end because…

A

Traders began to travel along the Zambezi River (further north)

108
Q

Compare the kingdom of mapungubwe and great Zimbabwe

A

Similar: both had kings as rulers, both traded with east coast traders and a social hierarchy was present in their community.
Differences: great Zimbabwe had a bigger kingdom and a bigger population.

109
Q

What is the action of buying/ selling goods/ services called?

A

Trade

110
Q

Who is a person who studies people and culture from the past?

A

Archeologists

111
Q

What do we call the study of past events?

A

History

112
Q

What was the challenge for farmers in the Limpopo valley in 880 AD

A

Soil was too dry

113
Q

Trade enabled people across the world to:

A

Learn how to make new things

114
Q

What did archaeologists find in the middle of k2

A

Glass, beads and ivory

115
Q

The king responded to the tension in mapungubwe by:

A

Making it difficult to access the palace

116
Q

The tribute system was:

A

A system of tax paid to the chief.

117
Q

What was the renaissance

A

15th to 16th century

Grade 6 (12 decks)

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