National Immunization Program | Quiz Flashcards
A nurse is educating a new mother about passive immunity. Which of the following is an example of passive natural immunity?
A. Receiving an MMR vaccine
B. Receiving gamma globulin injection
C. Antibodies transferred from mother to baby through breast milk
D. Exposure to the varicella virus
Answer: C. Antibodies transferred from mother to baby through breast milk
📝 Rationale: Passive natural immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby, either through the placenta (IgG) or breast milk (IgA).
A nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of BCG vaccine to a newborn. What is the correct route of administration?
A. Intradermal (ID)
B. Intramuscular (IM)
C. Subcutaneous (SQ)
D. Oral
Answer: A. Intradermal (ID)
📝 Rationale: The BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is given intradermally to stimulate an immune response in the skin, providing protection against tuberculosis.
A mother asks why her baby needs an oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). What is the best response by the nurse?
A. “OPV provides stronger immunity than IPV.”
B. “IPV is preferred for all doses.”
C. “OPV protects the gut, while IPV strengthens systemic immunity.”
D. “IPV is given first, then OPV later in life.”
Answer: C. “OPV protects the gut, while IPV strengthens systemic immunity.”
📝 Rationale: OPV (oral) provides immunity in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing poliovirus transmission, while IPV (intramuscular) enhances systemic immunity by directly entering the bloodstream.
A nurse is educating a parent on the contraindications for vaccination. Which child should NOT receive a vaccine today?
A. A child with a mild upper respiratory infection without fever
B. A child with a history of febrile seizures
C. A child who had a localized rash after a previous vaccine
D. A child with a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F)
Answer: D. A child with a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F)
📝 Rationale: Vaccines should be postponed if the child has a moderate to high fever (above 38°C) to avoid misinterpreting side effects as illness-related symptoms.
The nurse is preparing to administer Pentavalent vaccine to an infant. Which component of this vaccine is most commonly associated with febrile seizures?
A. Diphtheria
B. Pertussis
C. Hepatitis B
D. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Answer: B. Pertussis
📝 Rationale: The pertussis component of the Pentavalent vaccine is linked to febrile seizures due to fever as a side effect. The nurse should assess for prior seizures before administering the next dose.
A nurse is discussing vaccine schedules with a mother. The mother asks, “What does it mean when my child is fully immunized?” How should the nurse respond?
A. “Your child has completed all required vaccines at any age.”
B. “Your child has received all routine immunizations before one year old.”
C. “Your child has received the MMR vaccine at 9 and 12 months.”
D. “Your child has completed all vaccines before age 5.”
Answer: B. “Your child has received all routine immunizations before one year old.”
📝 Rationale: Fully immunized means the child has received all required vaccines before one year of age. However, MMR is given at 9 and 12 months, which is why the term is being phased out.
A nurse is teaching a group of mothers about immunization. Which of the following statements requires further teaching?
A. “I should delay vaccines if my child has a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose.”
B. “If my child has a minor cold, they can still receive vaccines.”
C. “Vaccines are dangerous because they weaken my child’s immune system.”
D. “Routine vaccines help prevent life-threatening diseases.”
Answer: C. “Vaccines are dangerous because they weaken my child’s immune system.”
📝 Rationale: Vaccines strengthen the immune system by stimulating antibody production. Parents should be reassured that vaccines do not harm or weaken immunity.
A nurse is reviewing immunization records of a 5-month-old infant. Which of the following vaccines should the infant have already received?
A. MMR
B. Pentavalent
C. BCG
D. OPV
Answer: B. Pentavalent and D. OPV
📝 Rationale: By 5 months, the child should have received Pentavalent (DPT, Hep B, Hib) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. MMR is given at 9 and 12 months, and BCG is given at birth.
The nurse is reviewing cold chain logistics for vaccine storage. How long can vaccines be stored in the Rural Health Unit (RHU)?
A. 1 week
B. 1 month
C. 3 months
D. 6 months
Answer: B. 1 month
📝 Rationale: Vaccines can be stored in the RHU for 1 month, in the Provincial Health Office for 1 month, and in the Regional Health Office for 3 months to maintain potency.
A nurse is administering MMR vaccine to a 9-month-old child. What is the correct route of administration?
A. Intradermal (ID)
B. Intramuscular (IM)
C. Subcutaneous (SQ)
D. Oral
Answer: C. Subcutaneous (SQ)
📝 Rationale: The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) is the only vaccine administered via subcutaneous injection (in the arm).
