Epidemiology | Quiz Flashcards
The nurse is teaching a community health class about epidemiology. Which of the following best defines epidemiology?
A. The study of disease symptoms and treatments in individuals
B. The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations
C. The study of hospital-based disease outbreaks
D. The study of individual risk factors for non-communicable diseases
Answer: B. The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations
Rationale: Epidemiology focuses on the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations, not just individuals
A nurse is analyzing morbidity and mortality data in a community. Which of the following is the best indicator of overall population health?
A. Incidence rate
B. Infant mortality rate (IMR)
C. Case fatality rate
D. Hospital admission rate
Answer: B. Infant mortality rate (IMR)
Rationale: The IMR reflects the health conditions of the population and is often used to estimate life expectancy. A lower IMR suggests better overall healthcare and living conditions.
The nurse is educating a group about disease occurrence patterns. Which of the following is an example of an endemic disease?
A. A seasonal flu outbreak in a specific city
B. Malaria cases consistently occurring in a tropical region
C. A sudden increase in cholera cases after a typhoon
D. COVID-19 spreading across multiple countries
Answer: B. Malaria cases consistently occurring in a tropical region
Rationale: An endemic disease is one that is consistently present in a specific area or population, such as malaria in tropical regions.
A nurse working in public health is reviewing data on a recent outbreak of food poisoning traced to a contaminated buffet. What type of epidemic does this represent?
A. Common source – point source
B. Common source – continuous source
C. Propagated epidemic
D. Cyclical epidemic
Answer: A. Common source – point source
Rationale: A point source outbreak occurs when a group of people is exposed to an infectious agent from a single source at one point in time, such as food poisoning from a buffet.
A nurse is preparing a presentation about sources of epidemiologic data. Which of the following is considered primary data?
A. National census
B. Health department morbidity reports
C. A research survey conducted by the nurse
D. Hospital admission records
Answer: C. A research survey conducted by the nurse
Rationale: Primary data is data collected firsthand by the researcher, while secondary data includes sources such as census records and hospital data.
Under Republic Act 11332, which of the following is considered a Category 1 notifiable disease that must be reported within 24 hours?
A. Dengue fever
B. Typhoid fever
C. Measles
D. Influenza
Answer: C. Measles
Rationale: Measles is a Category 1 notifiable disease that requires immediate reporting due to its high contagiousness and public health impact.
The nurse is discussing mortality indicators with a group of nursing students. Which of the following statements about Swaroop’s Index is correct?
A. A high Swaroop’s Index indicates a higher infant mortality rate.
B. It measures the percentage of deaths occurring in individuals aged 50 and older.
C. It is not affected by environmental or economic factors.
D. It is mainly used to track maternal mortality rates.
Answer: B. It measures the percentage of deaths occurring in individuals aged 50 and older.
Rationale: Swaroop’s Index is used to assess longevity in a population. A higher index suggests that most deaths occur in older individuals, which is a positive indicator of population health.
A nurse is reviewing epidemiologic studies. Which type of epidemiology is used to establish causation of disease?
A. Descriptive epidemiology
B. Analytical epidemiology
C. Experimental epidemiology
D. Evaluation epidemiology
Answer: B. Analytical epidemiology
Rationale: Analytical epidemiology investigates the causes or determinants of disease, such as risk factors and modes of transmission, to establish causation.
The nurse is working on a public health project and needs to determine the funding allocation for healthcare services in a specific region. Which epidemiologic data source would be most useful?
A. Morbidity reports
B. Census data
C. Hospital discharge records
D. Death certificates
Answer: B. Census data
Rationale: Census data provides demographic information on the population, which is essential for resource allocation, healthcare planning, and policy-making.
A patient’s family is refusing to comply with quarantine measures after the patient tested positive for a notifiable disease. Under RA 11332, which of the following is a possible legal consequence?
A. A verbal warning from a healthcare professional
B. A fine of ₱5,000 and mandatory vaccination
C. A fine of ₱20,000-₱50,000 or imprisonment of 1-6 months
D. Deportation from the country
Answer: C. A fine of ₱20,000-₱50,000 or imprisonment of 1-6 months
Rationale: Under RA 11332, non-cooperation with quarantine and isolation protocols is a punishable offense that may result in fines or imprisonment.
