Environmental Sanitation Flashcards
Water Sanitation
What activities are prohibited near water sources?
Washing and bathing within 25 meters from a drinking water source.
Constructing artesian and deep wells within 25 meters of a pollution source.
Drilling a well within 50 meters of a cemetery.
Water Sanitation
What are the three types of water analysis to determine potability?
Physical:
Chemical:
Bacteriological:
Physical – Odor, appearance, and taste.
Chemical – Tests for pH, chlorine, and iron.
Bacteriological – Tests for coliforms and other indicator organisms.
Water Sanitation
What are the three household water treatment methods?
Boiling
Filtration
Chemical disinfection – Chlorine is commonly used but is ineffective against amoeba.
Water Sanitation
What are the steps in public water supply treatment?
Sedimentation
Flocculation/Coagulation (alum)
Aeration (oxygen absorption)
Filtration
Disinfection (chlorination)
Fluoridation (prevents dental caries)
Water Sanitation
What are the water supply categories?
Category I – Deep well (individual).
Category II – Communal faucet.
Food Safety
What is food safety?
Ensuring food does not cause harm when prepared and consumed.
Food Safety
What are the five DOH-recommended food safety practices?
Keep clean.
Separate raw and cooked food.
Cook food thoroughly.
Keep food at safe temperatures.
Use safe water and raw materials.
Food Safety
What are the rules of food safety for food establishments?
Must have a sanitary permit from the city or municipality.
Employees must have a health certificate from the city/municipal health officer.
Sanitary officers issue sanitation permits to establishments.
Health certificates are valid for 1 year (or 6 months for contractual workers under ENDO).
People with communicable diseases (boils, infected wounds, respiratory infections, diarrhea, GI upset) cannot handle food.
Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Hot water immersion, what should be the temperature and what time?
(77°C for at least 30 seconds).
Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Lukewarm chlorine solution, what should be the temperature and what time?
(55-100 ppm for 1 minute)
Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Steam exposure, what should be the temperature and what time?
(15 minutes at 77°C or 5 minutes at 200°C).
Waste Management - types of solid waste
All solid and semi-solid waste except human excreta.
Refuse
Waste Management - types of solid waste
Biodegradable waste.
Garbage
Waste Management - types of solid waste
Non-biodegradable waste.
Rubbish/Trash
Waste Management
What are the prohibited acts under solid waste management?
Open burning of solid waste.
Open dumping of waste.
Burying waste in flood-prone areas.
Squatting in landfills.
Operating landfills near aquifers or groundwater reservoirs.
Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Non-biodegradable
Black
Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Biodegradable
Green
Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Infectious and pathological waste
Yellow
Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Radioactive waste
Orange
Waste Management
Sharps and pressurized containers
Red
Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal
Composting
Recycling
Sanitary landfill
Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal
(factory-returnable items)
Recycling
Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal
Uses plastic lining to prevent seepage and water contamination.
Sanitary landfill
Waste Management - What waste disposal methods are NOT acceptable?
Incineration
Open dumping
Waste Management - What waste disposal methods are NOT acceptable?
Banned under RA 8749 (Clean Air Act).
Incineration
Excreta Disposal Facilities
What are the criteria for an acceptable toilet facility?
Sanitary.
Simple, cheap, and easy to construct.
Easy to maintain.
Provides adequate protection and privacy.
Acceptable to users
Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities
Level 1
Non-water carriage (pit latrine, VIP latrine, aqua privy).
Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities
Level 2
Water-sealed (flush type with a septic tank).
Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities
Level 3
Water carriage connected to a sewage treatment plant.
