Maternal and Child Health Programs and Services Flashcards
What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Program?
To decrease maternal mortality.
How many routine antenatal visits did WHO recommend in 2010?
At least 4 visits:
1st visit:
2nd visit:
3rd visit:
4th visit:
1st visit: Before 4 months
2nd visit: At 6 months
3rd visit: At 8 months
4th visit: At 9 months
What is the current WHO recommendation for antenatal visits?
At least 8 visits.
Prenatal Care (Antenatal Visits)
What is the minimum number of prenatal visits?
4 visits.
What are key activities done at prenatal visits?
Home-based mother’s record
Encourage facility-based delivery
What assessments are done during prenatal visits?
Age:
Height and weight:
Menstrual history:
CBC:
Age: High-risk pregnancies occur in mothers younger than 18 or older than 35.
Height and weight: Obese mothers are at risk for macrosomia, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), and uterine atony.
Menstrual history: Assesses gestational age.
CBC: Screens for anemia and infections.
High-Risk Pregnancies (5 Too’s)
Too young
Too old
Too many pregnancies
Too close pregnancies
Too sick
What vaccine is given to pregnant women to protect against tetanus?
Tetanus Diphtheria (TD).
When is the first TD shot given?
At least 2 weeks before delivery.
How many TD shots are needed for a fully immunized mother (FIM)?
5 shots (minimum of 3 for partial protection).
What should be done if a child <5 years old reacts to the pentavalent vaccine after the first dose?
The 2nd and 3rd doses are no longer given; the child can receive the TD shot instead.
Why is Vitamin A given to mothers?
To prevent Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD).
Why should Vitamin A not be given early in pregnancy?
It can cause congenital defects.
Can a pregnant woman take Vitamin A if she is already taking multivitamins?
No
What is the highest dose of Vitamin A that can be given to a child?
200,000 IU (except for pregnant women).
What is the preparation and Dose/Duration of giving Vitamin A to Pregnant Women?
Preparation: 10,000 IU
Dose/Duration: 1 cap (within 4 weeks after delivery)
What is the preparation and Dose/Duration of giving Vitamin A to Postpartum Women?
Preparation: 200,000 IU
Dose/Duration: 1 cap (within 4 weeks after delivery)
Why is iodine supplementation not commonly taken?
Because iodine is already present in food.
What is the preparation and dose/duration of iodine supplementation to School-age?
Preparation: Iodized oil capsule (200mg iodine)
Dose/Duration: 1 cap per year
What is the preparation and dose/duration of iodine supplementation to Pregnant Women?
Preparation: Iodized oil capsule (200mg iodine)
Dose/Duration: 1 cap per year
What is the preparation and dose/duration of iodine supplementation to Postpartum Women?
Preparation: Iodized oil capsule (200mg iodine)
Dose/Duration: 1 cap per year
What are the EINC practices during labor and delivery?
Continuous maternal support by a companion of choice
Mobility during labor
Position of choice during labor and delivery
Non-drug pain relief before offering anesthesia
Spontaneous pushing in a semi-upright position
Episiotomy only if necessary
Active management of the third stage of labor
Monitoring labor progress using a partograph
What is the minimum number of postnatal visits?
2 visits.
1st Visit and 2nd Visit according to WHO/UNICEF/DOH/CPG 2005-2006
1st Visit - First 24–48 hours
2nd Visit - 6 weeks after delivery
1st Visit and 2nd Visit according to PIH 2007 Book
1st Visit - Within 3–5 days
2nd Visit - 6 weeks after delivery
RA 11148 – The First 1000 Days
Why is the first 1000 days important?
It is a period of rapid growth where nutrient deficiencies can have long-term consequences on learning, health, and success.
How does good nutrition during the first 1000 days benefit a child?
Maximizes growth, learning, and development
Prevents malnutrition-related diseases
Supports national and global development goals
EINC: Unang Yakap
What is the goal of Unang Yakap?
To reduce neonatal mortality, especially from infections, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia.
When was Unang Yakap implemented?
December 1, 2009.
What policy established Unang Yakap?
AO 2009-0025.
What are the four time-bound interventions of EINC?
Immediate drying: Done within 30 seconds to 1 minute to warm and stimulate breathing.
Skin-to-skin contact: Prevents hypothermia, infection, and hypoglycemia.
Properly timed cord clamping and cutting: Done 1–3 minutes after birth to prevent anemia and brain hemorrhage.
Non-separation for early breastfeeding: Protects infants from infection and provides colostrum, the baby’s first immunization.
Newborn Screening (NBS)
What law mandates newborn screening?
RA 9288 – Newborn Screening Act of 2004.
What is the purpose of NBS?
To detect congenital metabolic disorders that may cause mental retardation or death if untreated.
What is the difference between Basic and Expanded NBS?
Basic NBS: Screens for 6 diseases.
Expanded NBS: Screens for 28 diseases.
When should newborn screening ideally be done?
Between 48–72 hours (2–3 days) of life, but at least 24 hours after birth.
What is the process of newborn screening?
Heel prick method to collect blood.
Blood dried for 4 hours and sent to the NBS center.
Results available within 7 working days.
If positive, a confirmatory test is done within 24 hours, and the baby is referred to a specialist.
Newborn Hearing Test
What law mandates newborn hearing screening?
RA 9709.
What is the purpose of the newborn hearing test?
To detect and prevent hearing disabilities that may impair learning.
When is the otoacoustic emission test done?
One day after birth.
Breastfeeding TSEK (Tama, Sapat, Eksklusibo)
When was Breastfeeding TSEK launched?
February 23, 2011.
What is the goal of Breastfeeding TSEK?
To encourage mothers, especially in urban areas, to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months.
Why is exclusive breastfeeding recommended for 6 months?
Provides complete nutrition
Strengthens immunity
Promotes bonding
Cost-efficient
What is the recommended breastfeeding frequency?
At least 8 times in 24 hours:
6 times during the day
2 times at night
When should supplementary feeding start?
At 6 months, while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years or beyond.
What can help increase milk production?
Increased water intake and consumption of galactagogues like malunggay.
