National Immunization Program Flashcards
National Immunization Program
What is immunization?
The process of conferring artificial immunity.
What is immunity?
Acquired specific resistance usually attributed to the presence of antibodies.
Why is active immunity better than passive immunity?
Because it produces a secondary immune response, leading to the formation of memory cells that act faster, stronger, and last for a lifetime.
What is an antitoxin?
A preparation of antibodies that are given instead of the actual virus.
What is artificial immunity?
Immunity acquired through immunization or vaccination.
Which of the following is NOT a form of natural immunity?
Vaccination.
Which type of natural immunity is passive?
Vertical transmission (mother to baby).
What are the two types of artificial immunity?
Active immunity: Toxoids, Vaccines
Passive immunity: Globulins, Antibodies
What is vertical immunity?
Immunity passed from mother to baby.
Types of Immunity
Active Immunity - Natural
Exposure, Carrier, Sick of the disease
Types of Immunity
Active Immunity - Artificial Antigens
Antigens (Attenuated-BCG, OPV, AMV; Killed – DPT, HBV; Weakened toxins - TT)
Types of Immunity
Passive Immunity - Natural
Breast milk (IgA), Placenta (IgG)
Types of Immunity
Passive Immunity - Artificial Antigens
Gamma globulin (6 months - 1 year), Antitoxin/Antiserum/Serum
Expanded Immunization Program
What is the legal basis for the Expanded Immunization Program?
RA 10152 (Previously PD 996, which has been repealed).
What is the target population for the Expanded Immunization Program?
Children under 5 years of age.
What are the objectives of the Expanded Immunization Program?
To reduce morbidity and mortality rates among infants and children from six childhood immunizable diseases:
Tuberculosis
Poliomyelitis
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Measles
What are the principles of the Expanded Immunization Program?
Based on epidemiological situation
A basic health service
What are the elements of the Expanded Immunization Program (TICAS)?
Target setting
Information, education, and communication
Cold chain logistic management – Ensures proper storage, transport, and handling of vaccines to maintain potency.
Assessment and evaluation – Monitoring for vaccine side effects and reporting within 24 hours.
Surveillance and research
How long can vaccines be stored?
RHU (Rural Health Unit)
Provincial Health Office
Regional Health Office
RHU (Rural Health Unit): 1 month
Provincial Health Office: 1 month
Regional Health Office: 3 months
Contraindications for Immunization
Who should NOT receive vaccines?
Individuals with fever above 38°C
Those requiring severe hospitalization
Immunocompromised individuals
Contraindications for Immunization
Who should NOT receive vaccines?
Examples of Immunocompromised individuals:
Patients with AIDS/HIV
Those taking steroids
Patients undergoing chemotherapy
Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?
Routine immunization
Supplemental immunization activity
Strengthening vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance.
Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?
Routine immunization:
– Conducted for infants, children, and women through the Reaching Every Barangay (REB) strategy
Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?
Supplemental immunization activity:
Supplemental immunization activity – Example: School-based immunization.
Routine Immunization Schedule
Administration and Route of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)
Administration: At birth
Route: Intradermal (ID)
Routine Immunization Schedule
Administration and Route of Hepatitis B (HBV)
Administration: At birth
Route: Intramuscular (IM)
Routine Immunization Schedule
Administration and Route of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
Administration: 6, 10, 14 weeks
Route: Oral
Routine Immunization Schedule
Administration and Route of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
Administration: 14 weeks
Route: Intramuscular (IM)
Routine Immunization Schedule
Administration and Route of Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Administration: 9 months, 12 months
Route: Subcutaneous (SQ)
What happens if BCG is not given within the first 7 days of life?
If a child is 7 years or older, Pentavalent vaccine can be given instead.
What does the Pentavalent Vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Why should the nurse ask about seizures before giving the second dose of Pentavalent Vaccine?
Because pertussis in the Pentavalent vaccine may cause fever-induced seizures in some children.
What is the difference between OPV and IPV?
OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) – Administered orally, affects the gastrointestinal tract.
IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) – Given intramuscularly, affects the bloodstream.
Which vaccine is given subcutaneously (SQ)?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR).
What does it mean when a child is “Fully Immunized”?
The child has received all routine immunizations before one year old.
What does it mean when a child is “Completely Immunized”?
The child completes immunization after one year of age.
Note: These terms are no longer widely used since MMR is given at 9 and 12 months, which goes beyond the “fully immunized before 1 year old” definition.
What law mandates Food Fortification in the Philippines?
RA 8976 – Food Fortification Law.
What are the priority micronutrients for supplementation?
Iron –
Iodine –
Vitamin A –
Iron – Prevents anemia
Iodine – Prevents mental retardation
Vitamin A – Prevents night blindness
