NASM CPT Chapter 5

Question 1

Superior:

Answer 1

Positioned above a point of reference.

Question 2

Inferior:

Answer 2

Positioned below a point of reference.

Question 3

Proximal:

Answer 3

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 4

Distal:

Answer 4

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 5

Anterior (or ventral):

Answer 5

On the front of the body.

Question 6

Posterior (or dorsal):

Answer 6

On the back of the body. (Think dorsal fin).

Question 7

Medial:

Answer 7

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 8

Anatomic Position:

Answer 8

The terms anterior, posterior, medial & lateral, abduction & adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Question 9

Sagittal Plane:

Answer 9

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 10

Flexion:

Answer 10

A bending movement in which the relative angle btwn two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 11

An example of adduction/abduction in the frontal plane and anterior-posterior axis would be a __________.

Answer 11

Side lateral raise.

Question 12

Extension:

Answer 12

A straightening movement in which the relative angle btwn two adjacent segments increases.

Question 13

Hyperextension:

Answer 13

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 14

Frontal plane:

Answer 14

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

Question 15

ABduction:

Answer 15

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body. (Think: alient ABduction)

Question 16

ADduction:

Answer 16

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 17

Transverse plane:

Answer 17

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 18

Internal rotation:

Answer 18

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.

Question 19

External rotation:

Answer 19

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

Question 20

Horizontal aBduction:

Answer 20

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 21

Horizontal ADduction:

Answer 21

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 22

Scapular Retraction:

Answer 22

ADduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Question 23

Scapular Protraction:

Answer 23

ABduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

Question 24

Scapular Depression:

Answer 24

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula.

Question 25

Scapular Elevation:

Answer 25

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula.

Question 26

**Eccentric Muscle Action:

Answer 26

A muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Decelerates or reduces force.

Question 27

**Concentric Muscle Action:

Answer 27

Moving in opposite direction of force. Accelerates or produces force. Muscle shortens.

Question 28

**Isometric Muscle Action:

Answer 28

Muscular force equal to resistive force. No visible change in the muscle length. Stabilizes force.

Question 29

Force:

Answer 29

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration of the second object.

Question 30

**Length-Tension Relationship:

Answer 30

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting time.

Question 31

**What is an example of muscle being out of alignment and not generating enough force?

Answer 31

Length-tension relationship.

Question 32

Force-Couple:

Answer 32

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

Question 33

**Torque:

Answer 33

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm.

Question 34

**Internal Feedback:

Answer 34

The process whereby sensory info is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Question 35

**What muscle concentrically accelerates or does hip extension?

Answer 35

Gluteus maximus.