NASM CPT Chapter 2

Question 1

What is the human movement system?

Answer 1

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

Question 2

Neurons are composed of 3 main parts, which are:

Answer 2

Cell body, Axon, & Dendrites

Question 3

What are Muscle Spindles? Where are they located? And give me an example?

Answer 3

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Located in the muscle. When you stretch & realize the stretch.

Question 4

What are Golgi Tendon Organs? Where are they located? And give me an example?

Answer 4

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change. Located in the tendon. Ex: picking up dumbbell and realizing heaviness.

Question 5

Articulation relates to:

Answer 5

Joints. Example: ARTHritis.

Question 6

Axial skeleton:

Answer 6

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

Question 7

Appendicular skeleton:

Answer 7

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.

Question 8

Osteoclasts:

Answer 8

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue. “clear away”

Question 9

Osteoblasts:

Answer 9

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation. “build, form.”

Question 10

Bone markings:

Answer 10

They mark bones based on where muscle attaches to the bone.

Question 11

Arthrokinematics:

Answer 11

Joint motion.

Question 12

What is altered arthrokinematics?

Answer 12

Improper motion of a joint.

Question 13

Tendon attaches:

Answer 13

Muscle to bone.

Question 14

Ligament attaches:

Answer 14

Bone to bone.

Question 15

Muscular system:

Answer 15

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton. “Completes the cycle of movement & production.

Question 16

Actin:

Answer 16

Thin filaments.

Question 17

Myosin:

Answer 17

Thick filaments.

Question 18

Continuations of tendon that stretch throughout entire muscle:

Answer 18

Actin & Myosin.

Question 19

How does muscular contraction occur?

Sliding filament theory

Answer 19

By myosin heads attaching to actin and pulling actin towards its counterpart on the sarcomere.

Question 20

Sarcomere:

Answer 20

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin.

Question 21

Acetylcholine (ACh):

Answer 21

Stimulates muscle fibers to go through a series of steps to initiate muscle contraction.

Question 22

All or nothing law:

Answer 22

You don’t contract every single muscle fiber half way to lift something heavy. Instead, when you lift something light, you’ll activate a few fibers all the way.

Question 23

Sliding filament theory is the:

Answer 23

The theory behind how muscles contract (shorten).

Question 24

What are the 2 muscle fiber types?

Answer 24

Type 1 (slow twitch). Type 2 (fast-twitch).

Question 25

Type 1 (slow twitch) characteristics:

Answer 25

More capillaries, increased oxygen, smaller in size, less force, SLOW TO FATIGUE, best for endurance based activities (example: postural muscles).

Question 26

Type 2 (fast twitch) characteristics:

Answer 26

Fewer capillaries, decreased oxygen, larger in size, more force, QUICK TO FATIGUE, best for power and short term muscular contraction (example: a dunk)

Question 27

Cortisol is a _______ hormone:

Answer 27

Catabolic, it breaks down tissues.