NASM CPT Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the human movement system?
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Neurons are composed of 3 main parts, which are:
Cell body, Axon, & Dendrites
What are Muscle Spindles? Where are they located? And give me an example?
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. Located in the muscle. When you stretch & realize the stretch.
What are Golgi Tendon Organs? Where are they located? And give me an example?
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change. Located in the tendon. Ex: picking up dumbbell and realizing heaviness.
Articulation relates to:
Joints. Example: ARTHritis.
Axial skeleton:
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton:
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.
Osteoclasts:
A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue. “clear away”
Osteoblasts:
A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation. “build, form.”
Bone markings:
They mark bones based on where muscle attaches to the bone.
Arthrokinematics:
Joint motion.
What is altered arthrokinematics?
Improper motion of a joint.
Tendon attaches:
Muscle to bone.
Ligament attaches:
Bone to bone.
Muscular system:
Series of muscles that moves the skeleton. “Completes the cycle of movement & production.
Actin:
Thin filaments.
Myosin:
Thick filaments.
Continuations of tendon that stretch throughout entire muscle:
Actin & Myosin.
How does muscular contraction occur?
Sliding filament theory
By myosin heads attaching to actin and pulling actin towards its counterpart on the sarcomere.
Sarcomere:
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin.
Acetylcholine (ACh):
Stimulates muscle fibers to go through a series of steps to initiate muscle contraction.
All or nothing law:
You don’t contract every single muscle fiber half way to lift something heavy. Instead, when you lift something light, you’ll activate a few fibers all the way.
Sliding filament theory is the:
The theory behind how muscles contract (shorten).
What are the 2 muscle fiber types?
Type 1 (slow twitch). Type 2 (fast-twitch).
Type 1 (slow twitch) characteristics:
More capillaries, increased oxygen, smaller in size, less force, SLOW TO FATIGUE, best for endurance based activities (example: postural muscles).
Type 2 (fast twitch) characteristics:
Fewer capillaries, decreased oxygen, larger in size, more force, QUICK TO FATIGUE, best for power and short term muscular contraction (example: a dunk)
Cortisol is a _______ hormone:
Catabolic, it breaks down tissues.
