Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry 2022 flashcards > naming substances > Flashcards

naming substances Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monoatomic ion?

A

An ion with one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What elements form cations?

A

Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What elements form anions?

A

Nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you name monoatomic cations?

A

Just the name with “ions”

sodium cation = “sodium ion”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you name monoatomic anions?

A

Replace the ending of the name with “-ide” and add “ion”

chlorine anion = “chloride ion”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Stock System?

A

When the positive charges of transition metals are written with Roman Numerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transition metals generally want to become ____, which means that they want to ____ electrons

A

cations

lose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the Roman Numerals in the Stock System work?

A

they coordinate with the positive charge

ex: Cu+ = Copper (I) ion, Fe3+ = Iron (III) ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does it mean when a metal has more than one oxidation state?

A

It can form more than one ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does “-ous” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?

A

Indicates the lower oxidation state (it also has less charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu+ = Cuprous ion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does oxidation state or number mean?

A

oxidation number, also called oxidation state, is the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does “-ic” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?

A

Indicates the higher oxidation state (it also has more charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu2+ = Cupric ion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

A compound with 2 bonded elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you name a binary compound where a metal cation and a nonmetal anion ionically bond?

A

Name cation first and anion second
replace ending of anion with “-ide”
(ex: NaCl = Sodium Chloride)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the “criss cross” rule?

A

When writing the formula of a binary compound with an anion and a cation, simply switch the super scripts and make them subscripts.
(ex: Al 3+ and O2- combine to make Al(2)O(3))
(don’t forget to reduce to the lowest terms - Mg(2)S(2) is actually just MgS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a ternary compound?

A

A compound made of 3 or more elements

can be formed from two polyatomic ions

17
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

An ion that is formed from more than one element (a compound that has an overall charge)

18
Q

What is a ternary salt?

A

A ternary compound made of 3 different elements

19
Q

How do you name a ternary salt (compound made of 3 different elements)?

A

First write the metal cation, then the polyatomic ion (two nonmetals that have an overall charge)
Give the polyatomic ion the ending “-ate”
(ex: CaSO(4) = calcium sulfate)

20
Q

What does per____ate mean?

A

It means that the ion has one more oxygen atom than its “ate” form, 2 more than its “ite” form, and 3 more than its “hypo-ite” form.

21
Q

What does ____ate mean?

A

It means that the has one more oxygen atom than its “-ite” form

22
Q

What does ____ite mean?

A

It means that the ion has one less oxygen atom than its”-ate” form

23
Q

What does hypo______ite mean?

A

Means that the ion has one less oxygen than its “site” form, 2 less than “ate” form, and 3 less than “per-ate” form

24
Q

What are ternary acids?

A

Acids that have hydrogen and polyatomic ions (ex: HClO4 or perchloric acid, which contains the perchlorate ion)

25
Q

What is the first step in naming a ternary acid?

A

Determine the polyatomic ion’s oxidization state is - per_ate, __ate, ___ite, or hypo___ite. This determines how the ternary acid is named

26
Q

How do you name a ternary acid that contains a per__ate polyatomic ion?

A

per___ic

ex: HClO4 has the perchlorate ion and is called perchloric acid

27
Q

How do you name a ternary acid that contains an __ate polyatomic ion?

A

___ic

ex: HClO3 = chloric acid

28
Q

How do you name a ternary acid that contains an ___ite polyatomic ion?

A
  • ous

ex: HClO2 = chlorous acid

29
Q

How do you name a ternary acid that contains a hypo___ite polyatomic ion?

A

hypo___ous

ex: HClO = hypochlorous acid

30
Q

What are ternary bases?

A

formed when metal ions combine with hydroxide (OH-)

31
Q

What endings do ternary bases use?

A

__ide

ex: Ba(OH(2)) = barium hydroxide

32
Q

How do you name molecular compounds?

A

Write the element with lower electronegativity first, element with higher electronegativity second, add an __ide ending, and add a prefix to indicate the number of atoms of the element in the molecule
(ex: SiI4= silicon tetraiodide)

chemistry 2022 flashcards (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions