naming substances Flashcards
What is a monoatomic ion?
An ion with one atom
What elements form cations?
Metals
What elements form anions?
Nonmetals
How do you name monoatomic cations?
Just the name with “ions”
sodium cation = “sodium ion”
How do you name monoatomic anions?
Replace the ending of the name with “-ide” and add “ion”
chlorine anion = “chloride ion”
What is the Stock System?
When the positive charges of transition metals are written with Roman Numerals
Transition metals generally want to become ____, which means that they want to ____ electrons
cations
lose
How do the Roman Numerals in the Stock System work?
they coordinate with the positive charge
ex: Cu+ = Copper (I) ion, Fe3+ = Iron (III) ion
What does it mean when a metal has more than one oxidation state?
It can form more than one ion
What does “-ous” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?
Indicates the lower oxidation state (it also has less charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu+ = Cuprous ion)
What does oxidation state or number mean?
oxidation number, also called oxidation state, is the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.
What does “-ic” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?
Indicates the higher oxidation state (it also has more charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu2+ = Cupric ion)
What is a binary compound?
A compound with 2 bonded elements
How do you name a binary compound where a metal cation and a nonmetal anion ionically bond?
Name cation first and anion second
replace ending of anion with “-ide”
(ex: NaCl = Sodium Chloride)
What is the “criss cross” rule?
When writing the formula of a binary compound with an anion and a cation, simply switch the super scripts and make them subscripts.
(ex: Al 3+ and O2- combine to make Al(2)O(3))
(don’t forget to reduce to the lowest terms - Mg(2)S(2) is actually just MgS)
What is a ternary compound?
A compound made of 3 or more elements
can be formed from two polyatomic ions
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion that is formed from more than one element (a compound that has an overall charge)
What is a ternary salt?
A ternary compound made of 3 different elements
How do you name a ternary salt (compound made of 3 different elements)?
First write the metal cation, then the polyatomic ion (two nonmetals that have an overall charge)
Give the polyatomic ion the ending “-ate”
(ex: CaSO(4) = calcium sulfate)
What does per____ate mean?
It means that the ion has one more oxygen atom than its “ate” form, 2 more than its “ite” form, and 3 more than its “hypo-ite” form.
What does ____ate mean?
It means that the has one more oxygen atom than its “-ite” form
What does ____ite mean?
It means that the ion has one less oxygen atom than its”-ate” form
What does hypo______ite mean?
Means that the ion has one less oxygen than its “site” form, 2 less than “ate” form, and 3 less than “per-ate” form
What are ternary acids?
Acids that have hydrogen and polyatomic ions (ex: HClO4 or perchloric acid, which contains the perchlorate ion)
What is the first step in naming a ternary acid?
Determine the polyatomic ion’s oxidization state is - per_ate, __ate, ___ite, or hypo___ite. This determines how the ternary acid is named
How do you name a ternary acid that contains a per__ate polyatomic ion?
per___ic
ex: HClO4 has the perchlorate ion and is called perchloric acid
How do you name a ternary acid that contains an __ate polyatomic ion?
___ic
ex: HClO3 = chloric acid
How do you name a ternary acid that contains an ___ite polyatomic ion?
- ous
ex: HClO2 = chlorous acid
How do you name a ternary acid that contains a hypo___ite polyatomic ion?
hypo___ous
ex: HClO = hypochlorous acid
What are ternary bases?
formed when metal ions combine with hydroxide (OH-)
What endings do ternary bases use?
__ide
ex: Ba(OH(2)) = barium hydroxide
How do you name molecular compounds?
Write the element with lower electronegativity first, element with higher electronegativity second, add an __ide ending, and add a prefix to indicate the number of atoms of the element in the molecule
(ex: SiI4= silicon tetraiodide)
