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chemistry 2022 flashcards > acids, bases, pH > Flashcards

acids, bases, pH Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an acid?

A

A substance that releases H+ (hydrogen cations) when dissolved in water.

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2
Q

What do acids often donate H+ ions to?

A

Bases

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3
Q

Why can acidic solutions conduct electricity?

A

Acids dissociate into ions (charged atoms) in solutions.

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4
Q

Some acids are ___ in nature, and have the ability to dissolve some metals.

A

Corrosive

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5
Q

Acids taste ___

A

sour

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6
Q

What do acids produce when they react with a metal?

A

A metal salt and a hydrogen

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7
Q

what is a base?

A

A substance that releases OH- oons when dissolved in water or accepts H+ ions from acids

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8
Q

Bases often donate OH- to ____

A

acids

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9
Q

Bases often feel ___ to the touch

A

slippery

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10
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A type of base made of ionic salts of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

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11
Q

All alkalis are ___ but not all ___ are alkalis

A

bases

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12
Q

What does pH measure?

A

pH measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution/the acidity of a solution

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13
Q

Does negative pH exist?

A

Yes, in very strong acids

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14
Q

Are substances with a pH value less than 7 bases or acids?

A

Acids

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15
Q

Are substances with a pH value greater than 7 bases or acids?

A

Bases

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16
Q

An increase of one pH unit indicates the concentration of H+ has increased by a factor of ___

A

10

17
Q

A pH of 3 is ____ times as acidic as a solution with a pH of 6

A

1000 times more acidic

18
Q

A pH of 3 is ____ times as basic as a solution with a pH of 6

A

-1000 times less basic

19
Q

A strong acid produces many ___

A

H+ ions

20
Q

How does acid strength increase within a group?

A

Moving downwards (as atomic radius increases)

21
Q

How does acid strength increase within a period?

A

Moving to the right (as electronegativity increases)

22
Q

Why does acid strength increase with atomic radius?

A

Larger anions are more stable, so they are more easily separated from the hydrogen ion.

23
Q

Why does acid strength increase with electronegativity?

A

A more electronegative atom attracts electrons away from hydrogen atoms, so there are more H+ cations.

24
Q

A strong base produces many ____

A

OH- ions

25
Q

Bases can produce OH- ions by accepting ___ ions.

A

H+

26
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?

A

Red

27
Q

What color does litmus paper turn in a basic solution?

A

Blue

28
Q

For what pH does phenolphthalein turn pink for?

A

A pH greater than 8.2 (basic)

29
Q

When does Bromothymol Blue turn yellow?

A

In acidic solutions

30
Q

When does Bromothymol Blue turn blue?

A

In basic solutions

chemistry 2022 flashcards (28 decks)

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