acids, bases, pH Flashcards
what is an acid?
A substance that releases H+ (hydrogen cations) when dissolved in water.
What do acids often donate H+ ions to?
Bases
Why can acidic solutions conduct electricity?
Acids dissociate into ions (charged atoms) in solutions.
Some acids are ___ in nature, and have the ability to dissolve some metals.
Corrosive
Acids taste ___
sour
What do acids produce when they react with a metal?
A metal salt and a hydrogen
what is a base?
A substance that releases OH- oons when dissolved in water or accepts H+ ions from acids
Bases often donate OH- to ____
acids
Bases often feel ___ to the touch
slippery
What is an alkali?
A type of base made of ionic salts of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
All alkalis are ___ but not all ___ are alkalis
bases
What does pH measure?
pH measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution/the acidity of a solution
Does negative pH exist?
Yes, in very strong acids
Are substances with a pH value less than 7 bases or acids?
Acids
Are substances with a pH value greater than 7 bases or acids?
Bases
An increase of one pH unit indicates the concentration of H+ has increased by a factor of ___
10
A pH of 3 is ____ times as acidic as a solution with a pH of 6
1000 times more acidic
A pH of 3 is ____ times as basic as a solution with a pH of 6
-1000 times less basic
A strong acid produces many ___
H+ ions
How does acid strength increase within a group?
Moving downwards (as atomic radius increases)
How does acid strength increase within a period?
Moving to the right (as electronegativity increases)
Why does acid strength increase with atomic radius?
Larger anions are more stable, so they are more easily separated from the hydrogen ion.
Why does acid strength increase with electronegativity?
A more electronegative atom attracts electrons away from hydrogen atoms, so there are more H+ cations.
A strong base produces many ____
OH- ions
Bases can produce OH- ions by accepting ___ ions.
H+
What color does litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
Red
What color does litmus paper turn in a basic solution?
Blue
For what pH does phenolphthalein turn pink for?
A pH greater than 8.2 (basic)
When does Bromothymol Blue turn yellow?
In acidic solutions
When does Bromothymol Blue turn blue?
In basic solutions
