acids and bases (book) Flashcards
What are Arrhenius acids?
Substances that separate in water to produce H+ ions
What are Arrhenius bases?
Substances that separate in water to produce OH- ions
What is neutralization?
When an acid and base mix and the H+ and OH- combine to produce water while the anion and cation of the acid and base combine to form a salt.
What are Bronsted Lowry Acids?
A proton/H+ donor (donates the H+ to a base)
What are Bronsted Lowry Bases?
A proton/H+ acceptor (accepts the H+ from an acid)
What are some properties of acids? (5)
- sour taste
- turns blue litmus red and red litmus stays red
- reacts with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas
- conducts electricity in aqueous solutions
- reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce CO2
What are some properties of bases? (4)
- bitter taste
- blue litmus stays blue, red litmus turns blue
- conducts electricity in aqueous solutions
- feels slippery
What do acids and bases form when they react?
Salts
What is a salt?
The combination of a cation (maybe from an acid) and an anion (maybe from the base).
What is pH?
a measure of the acidity or amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution (in moles per liter)
What is the range for acidic substances?
1-7
What is the range for basic substances?
7-14
What is chemical equilibrium?
A point where the reaction is reversible and the products and reactants are reacting at the same speed. The ratio is a constant value.
What is a conjugate pair?
Consists of one acid and one base that differ from each other by the presence or absence of an H+ ion
(ie: HA+H2O ->
What is an equilibrium reaction?
occurs when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
What is an amphoteric substance?
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base (an acid in one reaction, a base in another, etc)
What is Ka and what is it used for?
Ka is the Acid Ionization Constant (the equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid) and is used to determine the strength of an acid.
How do you calculate Ka?
Multiply the molarities of the reactants and divide them by the product of the molarities of the products
A strong acid completely ___ in water and has a ____ Ka
dissociates
large (value greater than 1)
A weak acid doesn’t completely ___ in water and has a ___ Ka
dissociate
weak
