chemical compounds Flashcards
When is chemical equilibrium achieved?
When the rates of forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal (and the ratio of products to reactants is constant)
Weak acid and bases undergo _____
chemical equilibrium (reaction is always switching between forward reaction and backward reaction)
Strong acids and bases are _____ reaction and _____
one way
dissociate 100%
What is dissociation?
the breaking up of a compound into simpler parts that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions.
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction where the oxidation number of a molecule/atom/ion changes when they gain or lose an electron
What is oxidation number/state?
the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.
What is a physical equilibrium reaction?
A reaction in equilibrium that changes phase (moves between solids, liquids, gases, etc), but the substances are still the sam
What is a chemical equilibrium reaction?
A reaction in equilibrium that has different substances for the reactants and products
What are chemical equilibrium reaction used for?
To predict how reactants will behave in a closed system
What are the conditions for equilibrium?
- can only be in a closed systen
- rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of reverse reaction
- catalysts increase the rate at which equilibrium is reached but not the moment at which the forward reaction of the equilibrium is equal to the backward reaction.
- concentration of the reactants and products remains constant but is not equal
What is a closed system?
A system where no substances are added or removed,, but energy can be transferred in or out
What is an open system?
A system that allows for free exchange of matter and energy
What is an isolated system?
Does not allow any exchange or transfer of energy
What is the equilibrium constant/k?
The ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants
for a reversible reaction at a constant temperature, the ratio of reactant to product concentration has the constant value k
What 4 factors can shift reversible reactions in equilibrium?
Temp, pressure, volume, and concentration
