gases Flashcards
Gases have ___ intermolecular forces
weak
What is the formula for pressure? What is the SI unit and other units?
P=F/A
N/m^2 (or 1 Pa), atmospheres, and kPa
What is the conversion factor between atmospheres and pascals?
1 atm = 101.325 kPa
What pressure is used to keep measurements the same so they can be compared?
Standard Atmospheric Pressure (1 atmosphere)
Gases consist of molecules in ______
constant random motion
Gas particles don’t have any ____ and will move in a straight line until they _____
attraction or repulsion
collide with another particle or the side of the container
Gas is mostly ___
empty space
Collisions between particles are ____
elastic (don’t transfer energy, and no energy is lost)
The average KE of the gas depends on the ____
temperature of tha gas (and nothing else)
What is Kinetic energy?
The energy of movement
What is potential energy?
Stored energy that an object has because of its position relative to other objects.
Why does temperature directly affect the kinetic energy of a gas?
Because as the temp increase, the particles move more quickly. As the temp decreases, the particles slow down.
What is the formula for KE?
KE=(mv^2)/2
The more kinetic energy a gas has, the more ____ its particles will have
collisions
What is Boyle’s law and what does it describe
Describes the relationship between pressure and volume
P1V1 = P2V2
(the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas)
What does Boyle’s law mean?
As the pressure on a gas increases, the volume on the gas decreases.
As the pressure on a gas decreases, the volume of the gas increases
Boyles law is only true when …..
the number of molecules and the temperature stays the same
What is Charles’ law and what does it describe
Volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other
V1/T1 = V2/T2
(the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (temp in Kelvin) of the gas)
What does Charles’ law mean?
It means that when the absolute temp (temp in Kelvin) of a gas increases, the volume of the gas increase.
When the temp of a gas decreases, the volume of the gas decreases
How do you convert from Celcius to kelvin?
C+273=K
What is Gay Lussac’s law and what does it describe?
pressure and temperature are directly proportional to each other
P1/T1=P2/T2
the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (temp in Kelvin) of the gas
What does Gay Lussac’s law mean?
As the temperature in Kelvin on a gas increases, the pressure of the gas increases
As the temperature on a gas decrease, the pressure on the gas decreases
What is the combined gas law?
A combination of Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, and Gay Lussacs Law
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
What is Avogadro’s law and what does it describe?
the volume of gases at the same temp and pressure has the same number of moles
v1/n1=v2/n2
at constant temp and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas
What does Avogadro’s law mean?
As the amount of gas increases, the volume of the gas increases.
As the amount of gas decreases, the volume of the gas decreases
What is the ideal gas law and what does it describe?
Describes the relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount n of gas
PV=nRT
What do all the different values mean in the ideal gas law? (PV = nRT)
P = Pressure V=volume n=amount of gas in moles R=gas constant or 0.0821 L*atm/mol*k T=temperature in kelvin
How do you re-arrange the ideal gas law to include density?
d=m/v=PM/RT
What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure and what does it mean?
P total = Pa + Pb + Pc + Pd…..
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of each individual gas
