bonding Flashcards
What is a chemical bond?
A force that holds atoms together
Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
To become stable by reaching a full outer shell, usually of 2 or 8 electrons
What is the octet rule?
Elements combine to fill their outermost shell. For a lot of elements, this means 8 electrons in the outermost shell.
How is # of valence electrons determined for elements in Periods 1,2, or 13-18?
Look at them as being their own thing and ignore the transition metals and Lanthanides and Actinides. Then, they have the # of valence electrons relating to their period number Period 1=1 valence Period 2=2 valence Period 13=3 valence Period 14=4 valence
Transition metals usually have ___ or ____ valence electrons, but some can have up to ____ or _____
2
3
5
6
Which period has the most stable atoms?
Period 18
What is an ionic bond? What kind of elements does it happen between?
A bond where one atom “gives away” an electron to another atom and a new bond is formed by the attraction between the ions
nonmetal and metal
What is a covalent bond? What kind of element does it happen between?
Two atoms share electrons to reach their full outer state
nonmetals
What is a metallic bond? What kind of element does it happen between?
atoms connected through a “sea of electrons”
metals
What causes ionic bonds?
Electrostatic Attraction, or when two oppositely charged objects are attracted to each other (in this case, ions)
What is a simple ion?
An ion formed from a single ion (ex: H+)
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion that is formed when two or more atoms join together (so in other words, a bunch of atoms that are ionically bonded makes up a polyatomic ion).
(ex: Ammonium with one atom nitrogen and 4 hydrogen atoms, or hydroxide with one atom oxygen and one atom hydrogen)
Talk out loud and explain how calcium and oxygen bond to make CaO
Calcium wants to get rid of 2 electrons (is a metal, wants to get to a full outer shell)
Oxygen wants 2 electrons (is a nonmetal, wants to get a full outer shell)
Calcium gives electrons to Oxygen and then they become attracted to one another as Calcium gains a 2+ attraction and Oxygen gains a 2- attraction
2- and 2+ cancel out, so the two make CaO
Talk out loud and explain how sodium, oxygen, and hydrogen bond to make NaOH
Oxygen and Hydrogen bond to make OH as Hydrogen only needs one more electron
Then Oxygen still needs one more electron even though it’s bonded with hydrogen, and Sodium has 1 extra electron that it can give oxygen.
So Sodium bonds with oxygen, which is already bonded to hydrogen, so altogether they make NaOH
An ionic compound always has a net charge of ____. Why?
0
Because the positive charge of the cations will be equal to the negative charge of the anions.
