matter Flashcards
What is a property of matter? What are the two types?
something that describes how an object looks feels or acts.
physical and chemical properties
A ______ property of matter can usually be observed with the senses. It can be observed without changing the nature of the matter. List two examples of this property.
physical
color, size, volume, density, boiling or melting point, magnetism, and solubility are some
What is an intensive property?
A physical property of matter that does not depend on the amount of substance present
What is an extensive property?
A physical property that depends on the amount of substance present.
What is an example of an intensive property? (list 3)
Color, odor, temp, freezing point, melting point, boiling point, density, state of matter, malleability, ductility (some examples)
What is an example of an extensive property? (list 3)
Size, length, width, volume, mass, weight (some examples)
A ___ property of matter can only be determined by changing a substance’s identity, possibly through a reaction. What are some examples of this kind of property? List two
Chemical property
Reactivity, toxicity, flammability, combustibility
What is a physical change?
A change that takes place without altering the molecular composition of a substance.
Same matter before and after the change
What is a chemical change?
A change that ocurrs when matter changes into a new substance and has a new chemical property. Affect the molecular makeup of the substance.
What are the (particle) properties of a solid?
tightly packed together and don’t move about much within the substance
What are the (particle) properties of a liquid?
molecules are some distance apart and can move around
What are the (particle) properties of a gas?
molecules are far apart and can move around freely
The shape and volume of a solid _____
do not change
A liquid has a ____ shape and a _____ volume
undefined
defined
What is viscosity?
The speed at which molecules move in a substance - the resistance to flow, or the friction between the molecules
A liquid has a _____ shape and a _____ volume
defined
defined
Which of the common 3 states of matter has the highest kinetic energy? What does that mean for that state of matter?
Gas
gas molecules move quickly and are able to overcome the attraction between themselves
Which state of matter is not compressible? Which can be compressed a little? Which simply can be compressed?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is compressibility?
The change in volume resulting from applied pressure
What is melting?
When a solid turns into a liquid
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid melts. The same as the freezing point
What is the freezing point?
The temperature at which a liquid freezes
What is freezing?
When a liquid turns into a solid
When a solid is melting, it’s because heat has increased the ______ of the molecules. The increased _____ and _____ breaks the attractions between the molecules
movement (KE)
energy and movement
What temp does water evaporate at and what temp does it freeze at when at standard atmospheric pressure?
100 degrees celcius
0 degrees celcius
What is vaporization/evaporation?
When liquid turns into gas
How does vaporization happen?
When heat increases the KE of molecules and they move faster, and farther apart due to the heat. It also happens when molecules
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
evaporation is slower, occurs only from the surface of the liquid, does not produce bubbles, and leads to cooling.
Boiling is faster, can occur throughout the liquid, produces lots of bubbles, and does not result in cooling.
What is boiling?
A process of vaporization
What is condensation?
When a gas turns into a liquid
How does condensation happen?
When a gas cools, molecules slow down and move closer together. They start to form droplets/a liquid.
What is sublimation?
When a solid directly becomes a gas without going through the liquid state
Why is sublimation rare? What is an example of sublimation in action?
It requires the correct conditions, like the right temperature and the right pressure.
Dry ice
What is deposition?
When a gas directly becomes a solid without going through the liquid state
What is an example of deposition?
Frost on a cold winter morning or snow forming within clouds
What is a phase change diagram? (look up a picture for reference)
A graph that shows the states of a substance at different temps and pressure
What do solids usually have on a phase change diagram? (look up a picture for reference)
A high pressure and low temperature
What do gases usually have on a phase change diagram? (look up a picture for reference)
A low pressure and high temperature
How is a phase diagram usually set up? What is on the x axis and what is on the y axis? (look up a picture for reference)
The temp in Celcius or kelvin is plotted against the pressure in atmospheres.
Pressure on y axis, temp on x axis
Every point in a phase change diagram has a different _______ (look up a picture for reference)
combination of temperature as x and pressure as y
What do the different sections on phase change diagrams show you? (look up a picture for reference)
In which part of the graph you will be likely to find a specific state - like solids being around a certain area and gases being around a certain area.
What do the different lines on phase change diagrams show you? (look up a picture for reference)
The lines show you when some states are in equilibrium - so if the solid area and the liquid area share a line, the two are in equilibrium at spots at temps and pressures that correlate to a spot on that line
What is a heating or cooling curve? (look up a picture for reference)
Heating curves show how the temperature changes as a substance is heated up/given energy at a constant pressure.
Cooling curves are the opposite. They show how the temperature changes as a substance is cooled down/energy is taken away at a constant pressure.
In a heating/cooling curve, a solid is at the ______ end of the graph - meaning at has a ______ temp and ____ absorbed heat
lower left
low
very little
On a heating/cooling curve, what axes are temp and absorbed heat on?
the absorbed heat is on x-axis
temp is on y-axis
Why are there some flat lines on a phase change graph?
for some amount of time, all of the absorbed heat/energy of the substance is being used to overcome bonds/attraction and change the state of the matter, rather than increase the temp.
Name two reasons why a phase change might occur
Temperature and pressure
Do molecules move freely within a solid?
no - molecules only vibrate
Which of the 3 common states are compressible?
Liquids and gases because they don’t have a fixed shape
