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MCD > NAGE > Flashcards

NAGE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside.

A

pg 5

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2
Q

Recall the structured of the two main pentode sugars involved in nucleotides and how they bind to the different components of the nucleotide. Recall the differences in structure of ribose and deoxyribose nucleotides.

A

pg 5

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3
Q

What is the general name given to the different groups of nucleotide bases you can get, and how do you differentiate between them. Within these groups how do you differentiate between the different types of bases

A

pg 5

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4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA.

A

pg 6

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5
Q

Describe the Methods of separating and annealing strands:

A

pg 6

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6
Q

Give the details of the packaging of eukaryotic DNA

A

pg 6

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7
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication

A

(pg 113 ibook), pg 7

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8
Q

Give the details of the joining of okazaki fragments in DNA replication

A

pg 8

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9
Q

3)Describe the difference between the replication origins of eukaryotes and E coli(pg 115)

A

ipg 115 ibook, pg 9 l

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10
Q

4)What is the difference between a replication origin and replication forks , describe their relationship in eukaryotes and E coli.

A

pg 115 ibook, pg 9

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11
Q

Other than adding dNTPs to the 3’ end what is the other role of DNA polymerase

A

pg 9

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12
Q

Summarise the cell cycle

A

pg 9

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13
Q
  1. Describe the basic differences between DNA and RNA
A

pg 11

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14
Q

Explain the relationship between DNA and Genes, and describe the function of genes

A

pg 11

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15
Q

Summarise the details of the human Genome

A

pg 11

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16
Q

Describe Gene Expression in eukaryotic organisms

A

pg 11

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17
Q
  1. Define “Transcription” and summarise the process including some detail on the type of proteins and/or sequences involved
A

pg 12

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18
Q
  1. List the major functional classes of RNA and the classes of RNA polymerases involved in synthesising each of these.
A

pg 12

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19
Q
  1. Describe what is meant by a “gene promoter”
A

pg 12

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20
Q
  1. Describe what is meant by a “Transcription factor”
A

pg 12

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21
Q

What is the relationship between the transciption complex and RNA polymerase II

A

pg 13

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22
Q

Why is it referred to as a basal transcription complex

A

pg 13

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23
Q

What is the main method used by transcription factors in their function

A

pg 13

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24
Q
  1. Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the processes involved in transcribing a eukaryotic gene.
A

pg 13

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25
Q

Explain two methods through which transcription factors wor

A

pg 14

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26
Q

Recall Factors affecting Transcription Factor Expression

A

pg 14

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27
Q

Describe Gene Regulation in Human Disease

A

pg 14

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28
Q
  1. Distinguish “sense” and “anti-sense” DNA template strands.
A

pg 15

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29
Q

What is RNA Processing?

A

pg 15

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30
Q

Describe the Anatomy of a Gene

A

pg 15

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31
Q

Describe the Sequence of events in mRNA splicing

A

pg 16

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32
Q

Describe the Post-transcriptional modification of the gene after splicing

A

pg 18

33
Q

Give an Example of a type of mutation in splice sites featuring in ahuman disease

A

pg 19

34
Q

Explain the C-value paradox

A
35
Q

What did ENCODE show

A

pg 20

36
Q

Describe what non-coding RNAs are and give the details of examples of such.

A

pg 20

37
Q

Compare siRNAs with miRNAs

A

pg 21

38
Q

Describe how Antisense RNA can be used as a tool to block mRNA function

A

pg 23

39
Q

Give the details of what takes place in RNA interference

A

pg 23

40
Q

Describe the importance of DICER

A

pg 24

41
Q

Explain why siRNAs are suitable to be used as therapies for genes we do not want to be expressed

A

pg 24

42
Q

Describe the experimental evidence for the function of Micro RNAs

A

pg 25

43
Q

Give the details of miRNA Transcription and Processing

A

pg 25

44
Q

How can miRNA be used in bioinformatics

A

pg 26

45
Q

Recall details of how problems with Micro RNAs can lead to Human Disease

A

pg 26

46
Q

Recall the Structure of a typical mRNA

A

pg 27

47
Q

Give some details of the degenerate nature of the genetic code, include examples of the extremes in your answer

A

pg 27

48
Q

Describe how MRNA is read

A

pg 28

49
Q

Describe the action of Transfer RNA

A

pg 28

50
Q

Describe the Mechanism by which Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases work

A

pg 28

51
Q

Summarise the initiation step of translation

A

pg 28

52
Q

Describe and explain the details of the initiation step of translation

A

pg 28

53
Q

Summarise the elongation step of translation

A

pg 30

54
Q

2)Describe and explain the details of the elongation step of translation

A

pg 30

55
Q

1)Summarise the termination step of translation

A

pg 31

56
Q

2)Describe and explain the details of the termination step of translation

A

pg 31

57
Q

Describe and explain the whole process of translation

A

pg 29-32

58
Q

Describe how efficiency is improved in translation

A

pg 33

59
Q

Explain the relationship between Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis

A

pg 33

60
Q

Give examples of antibiotic and state their mechanisms

A

pg 33

61
Q

Describe the features of the signal sequences

A

pg 33

62
Q

Describe the process of Protein Synthesis on rER

A

pg 34

63
Q

Name examples of post-translational modification, and explain a quality that it increases

A

pg 36

64
Q

escribe an EXAMPLE of Post-Translational Modification - INSULIN

A

pg 36

65
Q

Give an exemplification of the Importance of Analysing Nucleic Acids

A

pg 37

66
Q

1)Describe the process of cell based DNA Cloning

A

pg 37

67
Q

2) Describe the function of restriction endonucleases

A

pg 37

68
Q

Describe the process for the separation of DNA fragments

A

pg 37

69
Q

1)Summarise what takes place in nucleic acid hybridisation

A

pg 38

70
Q

IN the context of other parts of nucleic acid analysis, describe what takes place in hybridisation

A

pg 38

71
Q

Give examples of various hybridisation techniques and the type of nucleic acids they include

A

pg 39

72
Q

Explain examples of the uses of hybridisation(not sure of this part)

A

pg 39

73
Q

Exaplain Melting Temperature and Hybridisation Stringency, and the factors that affect it

A

pg 40

74
Q

escribe how the process of Polymerase Chain Reaction is carried out

A

pg 41

75
Q

Describe the PCR Primer Design

A

pg 41

76
Q

Describe Applications of PCR

A

pg 41

77
Q

Describe what a DNA (Oligonucleotide) Microarrays is

A

pg 41

78
Q

Give EXAMPLES of Microarray Applications:

A

pg 42

MCD (40 decks)

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