Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCD > Microbiology COPY > Flashcards

Microbiology COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Recall the details of a generic virus replication cycle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give two examples of viruses whose tropism are determined by receptor use)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the features that infectious dose is affected by

A

Laz’s notes,138

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Describe the** **Consequences of infection via the GI tract
A

Laz’s notes,136

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the distribution of serious fungal infections of humans in terms of their phyla

A

Laz’s notes ,150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define subcutaneous mycoses

A

Laz’s notes ,153

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recall the difference bwetween vertical and horizontal DNA transmission

Vertical DNA transmission

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hand transmission can act as an intermediate for Portal of Entry - Upper Respiratory Tract(True/False)

A

Laz’s notes ,T,134

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the SMALL INTESTINE you get GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA and gram positive bacteria(True/False)

A

Laz’s notes ,F, the SMALL INTESTINE you only get GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA,134

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the properties of a good vaccine, and describe the features of two of these properties

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the concept of latency, using the example of the Herpes Simplex Virus to illustrate your answer

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define PATHOGENICITY ISLAND

A

Laz’s notes,133

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the concept of antigenic drift

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of seven antibiotic sub-groups

A

Laz’s notes,142

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Use two examples to illustrate how Genetic Resistance and Susceptibility may affect outcome of virus infection

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a mycose

A

Laz’s notes ,151

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the different techniques following gram stain that may be used to distinguish between bacteria

A

pg 128 Laz’s notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • What is involved in the new strategy for influenza vaccination in children(2)
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define resistance , breakpoint and minimum inhibitory concentration

A

Laz’s notes,141

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the treatment for mycotoxicosis

A

Laz’s notes,151

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe what happens in the four stages of vaccine clinical trials

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define active and passive immunity and state the purpose of a vaccine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recall features of the tetanus and diphtheria toxin, and how the toxoid used for them is produced.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RECALL THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HIV Treatment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does papillomaviruses cause cancer

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the process of Attenuation of Viruses to make Live Virus Vaccines

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Postulate possible consequences of infections with EBV

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the the Replication Cycle of HIV-1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe what superficial mycoses are and give examples of them.

A

Laz’s notes,152

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Analyse 3 examples of a pathogens that has a feature that increases it virulence

A

Laz’s notes ,137

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

List features that enhance virulence

A

Laz’s notes,137

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name an example of what Cell mediated immunity would be important for

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Describe the defining feature of a retrovirus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

State two methods bacteria may use to get into a host cell(129-130)

A

Laz’s notes,(129-130)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How main phyla does the fungi kingdom consist of and what are the names of these phyla

A

Laz’s notes,150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Give examples of attenuated vaccines

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Name four mechanisms of antibiotic resistance:

A

Laz’s notes ,145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Describe what cutaneous mycoses are( double check info here) and give examples of them.

A

Laz’s notes,152

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Describe how the action of viruses can be investigated in the labarotary and explain the usual results viewed once viruses are investigated.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • Describe the Three Main Mechanisms for horizontal gene transmission:
A

Laz’s notes ,132

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

List and describe some of the features of the different categories of antigenic properties of vaccines(not sure about this one)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Name the viruses,bacteria and the toxins for Portal of Entry: The Gastro-Intestinal Tract (‘faeco-oral route’)

A

Laz’s notes,136

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Name** **Three Types of Illness caused by Fungi

A

Laz’s notes ,150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Use two examples to illustrate how Co-Infections

may affect outcome of virus infection

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is significant about of the consequences of listeria infection via the GI tract

A

Laz’s notes,137

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Summarise the consequences of the Viral Genome Type

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Explain what is included in Vaccine Formulations

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Describe the full details as to how structures as sophisticated as those involved in the invasion of host cells have evolved, include statistical evidence for these details?

A

Laz’s notes ,131

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Describe Non-immune mechanisms for host defence against infectious agents

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Outcome of infection can vary depending on(state seven

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How do conjugate vaccines work

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

How can people who exposed to HIV not be affected by the virus and describe how this can change in HIV replication

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is needed to acquire an infection through the skin, give examples of causes of broken skin.

A

Laz’s notes,135

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Explain how Inactivation of Antibiotic can act as a mechanism for antibiotic resistance and give examples of when this can happen

A

Laz’s notes,146

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

There is a vaccine for HBV and HCV(T/F)

A

There is a vaccine for HBV and no vaccine for HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q
  • influenza evolves fast(why must influenza vaccine be regularly updated)
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

describe the role of adjuvants)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial (COMMENSAL), but some are pathogenic(True/False)

A

Laz’s notes, pg 128, True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

DESCRIBE THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS

A

Laz’s notes,154

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

(give an example of virus whose tropism is not determined by receptor use)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Name an example of what humoral immunity would be important for

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Describe the features of the Shingles Vaccine, how it is used and why

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what causes hepatocellular carcinoma

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Describe the functions of flagella and Type III Secretion System

A

Laz’s notes,pg 130

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Recall examples ofSubunit Vaccines

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Explain how Decreased Drug Accumulation can act as a mechanism for antibiotic resistance and give examples of when this can happen

A

Laz’s notes ,146

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe the process of Making recombinant attenuated virus vaccines

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Explain the general categorisation of adjuvants

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

A good vaccine PROVIDES SUBSTANTIAL BENEFIT TO HEALTH AT LOW COST AND LOW RISK(True/False)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

DESCRIBE THE METHOD OF Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

A

Laz’s notes,155

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Recall the different methods that can be used for

Hepatitis C Treatment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the name of the typhoid vaccine- describe how it is produced

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what is a mycetoma

A

Laz’s notes,153

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Which cell type does the Epstein Barr Virus most commonly affect, and what are symptoms-what is the genric name for the symtomes?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Name two examples of successful virus vaccination and describe why one of them is successful

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

(in what scenario would herd immunity be irrelevant

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Resistance to AB usually arises soon after the introduction of AB to clinical use in hospitals.(State two exceptions to this rule and explain one of these exceptions)

A

Laz’s notes,141

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

)Summarise how you can get Viral Rashes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Using an example, illustrate how Viral Load may affect outcome of virus infection

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Explain the TWO Strategies to Inhibit Influenza

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

explain what a quasi species is

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Describe the features of a killed whole cell vaccine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Describe and explain two examples of the manipulation of actin by bacteria, and identify the kind of bacteria that use such

A

Laz’s notes,131

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Explain the use of gram staining to identify bacteria

A

pg 127 laz;s notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Summarise the different ways of the joint process of transcription and translation in viruses

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Recall the equation for calculating the herd effect

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

For portal of Entry - Urogenital Tract,dissect the sources of bacteria and name the bacteria that go through these sources

A

Laz’s notes,135

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Give examples of intra and extracellular bacteria

A

Laz’s notes, pg 129

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Horizontal gene transfer allows the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance (T/F)

A

Laz’s notes,149

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

where is vaccine efficacy determined

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

HBV is a hepadnavirus (has a DNA genome) but it uses reverse transcriptase during a stage in its life cycle (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Recall the ways of describing the patterns of viral infection, and what they mean

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

why must influenza vaccine be regularly updated)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

DESCRIBE THE ACTION OF INTERFERONS IN ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT HOW IT USED in healthcare AND WHY

A
95
Q

Recall examples of fungal allergies:

A

Laz’s notes ,151

96
Q

define vaccine efficacy

A
97
Q

use a sentence to summarise how herd immunity carries out its function

A
98
Q

Describe the features of the antigens for the different vaccine subcategories.

A
99
Q

Describe The Replication of Ebola Virus

A
100
Q

Explain how viruses emerge and re-emerge using named examples, including influenza virus antigenic shift and drift, HIV, West Nile Virus, SARS and noroviruses.

A
101
Q

Vaccines are primarily aimed at eliciting acquired immunity which requires exposure to the infectious agent or its antigens(T/F).

A
102
Q

Describe features of the targets for antifungal infection

A

Laz’s notes,155

103
Q

Describe and explain how the varicella zoster virus can act on a human from its initial infection over a lifetime(include details of the days events occur)

A
104
Q

Describe the two main types of virus morphologies

A
105
Q

Recall what a transposon is

A

Laz’s notes,147

106
Q

Recall examples of gram positive and gram negative bacteria and mycobacteria

A

Laz’s notes,pg 128

107
Q

Name Two related multi-protein machines required by Salmonella Motility and Invasion an that of d a large proportion of other gram negative bacteria that uses the same method:

A

Laz’s notes ,PG 130

108
Q

Name the viruses and bacteria for Portal of Entry - Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Laz’s notes,134

109
Q

Summarise how fungi deal with their food source

A

Laz’s notes ,150

110
Q

Define incubation period

A
111
Q

Describe the receptor attachment involved in HIV

A
112
Q

Recall two anti-herpes virus drugs and two anti-influenza virus drugs and a retroviral drug

A
113
Q

Give an example to describe how herd immunity can be important

A
114
Q

Define tropism and explain its determinant (using a definition of its determinants)

A
115
Q

List how new viruses may emerge

A
116
Q
  • The live attenuated vaccine is similar but distinct from the chicken pox vaccine given to children in some countries(T/F)
A

T

117
Q

RECALL THE FULL DETAILS OF THE MAIN WAY FOR CLASSIFYING VIRUSES. WHAT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THIS

A
118
Q

2)Recall the classifation of the pattern of viral infection( pg 249 ibook to help)

A
119
Q

Describe how conjugate vaccines can be prepared

A
120
Q

HCV and HBV is a blood borne virus(T/F)

A

T

121
Q

Toxoids will offer herd immunity_(T/F)_

A

F,

Toxoids will not offer herd immunity_(_

122
Q

Explain how influenza tropism can be extended

A
123
Q

How many proteins do bacteria encode and how many be described as non-accessory or non-pathogenic)

A

Laz’s notes ,131

124
Q

Explain the relationship between breakpoint and resistance

A

Laz’s notes ,141

125
Q

Describe how the BCG vaccine is produces, and describe what is known about the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine and problem with evaluating effectiveness of the BCG vaccine

A
126
Q

What is the endemic state state

A
127
Q

DESCRIBE THE ACTION OF ACYCLOVIR IN VIRAL TREATMENT

A
128
Q

A doctor came up to me and said that he would like to find a way fof monitoring the amount of Streptococcus pyogenes in the nose, so that he can ensure amounts are kept within normal levels for patiets being treated in antibiotic . Explain why what the doctor is trying to do is useful?

A

Laz’s notes,148

129
Q

RECALL THE STRUCTURE OF THE TYPE 3 SECRETORY SYSTEM(the diagram)

A

Laz’s notes, pg 131

130
Q
  • Give examples of deep / systemic mycoses
A

Laz’s notes,153

131
Q

Recall examples Human Virus Vaccines and the category they come under(less important)

A
132
Q

Describe and explain the Single Step Growth Kinetics of a Virus

A
133
Q

Describe and explain two different ways of investigating viral presence other than the use of plaques formation

A
134
Q

Describe the features of the typhoidvaccine itself and its administration that allows a smooth treatment using the vaccine

A
135
Q

Describe the features of acquired immunity

A
136
Q

To be a pathogen you need to be able to(name five requirements):

A

Laz’s notes , pg 129

137
Q

Resistance to AB usually arises soon after the introduction of AB to clinical use in hospitals(T/F)

A

Laz’s notes ,T

138
Q

Give examples of ways for preventing** **the emergence of drug resistance bacteria and nosocomial infections

A

Laz’s notes ,149

139
Q

who is the influenza vaccine given to)

A
140
Q
  • Name the Three Main Mechanisms for horizontal gene transmission:
A

Laz’s notes,132

141
Q

Recall Diseases caused by the drug resistant bacteria, identify whether they are gram positive and gram negative recall features of the diseases where relevant (i.e. portal of entry , consequences and drugs that are used in their treatment )

A

Laz’s notes

142
Q

Describe how to culture norovirus in the lab

A
143
Q

Describe the impact of some of the mutations of viruses in human circulation0

A
144
Q

How is vaccine efficacy calculated , and how is it usually expressed

A
145
Q

Verticacl gene transfer is the main drivers of evolution of bacterial pathogens and their origin is usually unknown. (T/F)

A

Laz’s notes,F,PATHOGENICITY ISLAND are the main drivers of evolution of bacterial pathogens and their origin is usually unknown

146
Q

A lot of gram negative bacteria do not use the same method for invading host cells as salmonella(T/F). Summarise a method for the Invasion of host cells by salmonella

A

Laz’s notes,PG 130, FALSE

147
Q

Name eight Hospital Acquired Infection Examples

A

Laz’s notes,148

148
Q

Recall the different vaccine subcategories

A
149
Q

Explain the principles of the evolution of drug resistant variants of viruses

A
150
Q

Explain the purpose of using Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy

A
151
Q

Explain how Viral Sequence may affect outcome of virus infection

A
152
Q

Describe the features of toxoid vaccines, the advantages of using them, and recall examples of diseases that they vaccinate against

A
153
Q

Recall Predisposing Co-morbidities and Conditions for viral infections

A
154
Q

Explain how altered metabolism can act as a mechanism for antibiotic resistance and give examples of when this can happen

A

Laz’s notes ,146

155
Q

Explain the how viruses may cause cancer

A
156
Q

Explain the role of adjuvant immune response

A
157
Q

What is the main cause of infection via broken skin)

A

136,Laz’s notes

158
Q

What is the difference between VIRUS AND A VIRION?

A
159
Q

Explain how Altered Target Site can act as a mechanism for antibiotic resistance and give examples of when this can happen

A

Laz’s notes ,145

160
Q

What is the difference between the underlying dterminants influenza and HIV & measle

A
161
Q

what is the common/ general mechanism for the role of antibiotics)

A

Laz’s notes,142

162
Q

Define the following(pathogenicity, commensal, true pathogen, opportunistic pathogen,infectivity,virulence, infectious dose

A

Laz’s notes,137

163
Q

Recall the equation needed to determine the minimum proportion of the population that must be immunised at birth (or close to) in order for the infection to die out in the population

A
164
Q
  • Name Infections Targeting Broken Skin, and describe where relevant of feature of these infections:
A

Laz’s notes,136

165
Q

how were Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus (KSHV or HHV8) and Merkel Cell Polyoma first discovered

A
166
Q

State five reasons for treatment failure other than Antibiotic resistance

A

Laz’s notes ,148

167
Q

Describe immune mechanisms for host defence against infectious agents

A
168
Q

Transmission Terminology

Define the following terms: latrogenic , nosocomial, vertical, horizontal, germ line

A
169
Q

State : the name of the pathogen that causes typhoid, how the pathogen is transmitted and how it causes disease. List the symptoms of typhoid fever.

A
170
Q

Define prophylaxis and therapy

A
171
Q

Describe how antiviral vaccines can be formed

A
172
Q

As they have access to a huge variety of DNA through horizontal gene transmission, bacteria occupy a huge component of the biodiversity in the world(true/false)

A

Laz’s notes, true,pg 144

173
Q

How many serious fungal infections of humans are there?)

A

Laz’s notes,150

174
Q

Recall the Sources of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

A

Laz’s notes,147

175
Q

Describe Consequences of bacterial infection acquired via the upper respiratory tract

A

Laz’s notes,135

176
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of Killed Whole Cell Vaccines. Recall example of such vaccine

A
177
Q
  • Name seven** **Risk Factors for HAI:
A

Laz’s notes,,148

178
Q

what is herd immunity)

A
179
Q

Explain and Categorise the functions of antifungal treatment, include specific examples in your answer

A

Laz’s notes

180
Q

Recall Pros and cons of live vs inactivated viral vaccines

A
181
Q

Describe Host Defence against infectious agents

A
182
Q
A
183
Q

How can viruses be named( less important)

A
184
Q

Describe and explain where relevant how Candida can interact with us under different circumstances

A

Laz’s notes ,154

185
Q

1)Recall examples of diseases for the different patterns of viral infection

A
186
Q

(Definition of a Virus

A
187
Q

Explain the process of antibody dependent enhancement of the infection in dengue fever

A
188
Q

Summarise five real life mechanism for resistance mechanisms, state the antibiotic or type of antibiotic they act on , and state the method of acquisition of the genes for this.

A

Laz’s notes,147

189
Q

RECALL Examples of viruses for which both live and inactivated vaccines are available AND THE DETAILS EACH TYPE FOR THE VIRUSES(1)

A
190
Q

What is Rotavirus Vaccine called , what type of vaccine is it , how is it used and why

A
191
Q

Name the Intrinsic Sources of Bacterial infections and identify the sources where you would expect bacteria

A

Laz’s notes,134

192
Q

Describe how crytococci can get into the body, which cells may mop them up and where they can get to and why?

A

Laz’s notes,150

193
Q
  • Recall symptoms of mycotoxicoses:
A

Laz’s notes

194
Q

Why do viruses evolve fast)

A
195
Q

Explain how viruses are targeted in general.

A
196
Q

Describe the measles virus receptor use, tropism and pathogenesis

A
197
Q

What are mycotoxins)

A

Laz’s notes,151

198
Q
  • Describe the consequences** **of infection via broken skin
A

Laz’s notes ,136

199
Q

Describe spore** **dispersal in fungi

A

Laz’s notes ,150

200
Q

How can the evolution of human viruses during human circulation be observed

A
201
Q

Infections targeting the upper respiratory tract - usually extrinsically-acquired from respiratory tract droplets or airborne(T/F)

A

Laz’s notes,T,134

202
Q

Describe a procedure that can be used to check that a microorganism causes a disease and name this procedure.

A
203
Q

Give the relevant immunological detail of a substance that is only present in gram negative bacteria

A

pg 128 Laz’s notes

204
Q

What produce aflatoxin , and what is special about it compared to other rcpmpounds, and give an example of its effect on the body

A

Laz’s notes,151

205
Q

Describe Strategies of Viral Persistence

A
206
Q

Reacall examples of gram positive and gram negative Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens, and explain them

A

Laz’s notes,139

207
Q

Three targets for treating fungal infection are:

A

Laz’s notes

208
Q

Summarise the different ways of Viral Diagnosis(not very important)

A
209
Q

What is significant about the relation between fungal infections and transplant settings.give an example of a particular fungal infection

A

Laz’s notes,153

210
Q

Explain what determines the outcome of a virus infection

A
211
Q

1)DESCRIBE AND THE EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF THE TYPE 3 SECRETIRY SYSTEM

A

Laz’s notes ,131

212
Q

List the factors involved in infectivity

A

Laz’s notes ,137

213
Q

Explain how Viral Sequence may affect outcome of virus infection

A
214
Q

EXPLAIN THE ACTION OF Nucleoside Analogues IN VIRAL TREATMENT

A
215
Q

What would the term ‘broad spectrum’ mean?

A

Laz’s notes,146

216
Q

)state the advantages and disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines

A
217
Q

“Define the terms zoonosis and host range, and explain its consequences

A
218
Q
  • What is involved in the new strategy for influenza vaccination in children(2)
A
219
Q

State a major activity by bacteria associated with DNA that allows them to overcome our immune system

A

Laz’s notes,132

220
Q

Describe in what cases you would each type of polio virus vaccine and why(3)

A
221
Q

Strong selective pressures in hospitals are due to the regular use of antibiotics(True/False )

A

Laz’s notes ,True

222
Q

Give** **Infectious Disease Examples and describe how they produce their infection by Portal of Entry

A

Laz’s notes,138

223
Q

2)Describe what a live-attenuated vaccine is

A
224
Q

call Global influences of emerging viral infections

A
225
Q

Describe the different types of viral vaccines

A
226
Q

Define Mycotoxicoses)

A

Laz’s notes,151

227
Q

Define Bacteriostatic and bacteriocidAL

A

Laz’s notes,140

228
Q

Definition of Obligate)

A
229
Q

5)Catergorise the two different types of acquired immunity and give the details of these two different types

A
230
Q

Explain the determination of tropism of influenza

A
231
Q
  • 55% of us are infected with Epstein-Barr Virus(T/F)
A
  • 95% of us are infected with Epstein-Barr Virus(,F
232
Q

There is a relationship between the basic reproduction number R0, vaccine effectiveness and coverag needed to reduce or eliminate disease(T/F)

A

T

233
Q

Describe what conjugate vaccines are)

12)List the advantages of using conjugate vaccines

A

MCD (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions