Cell Pathology Flashcards
differentitate between lethal and sub lethal cell injury)
cell pathology,1
How can stress change a cell)
cell pathology,1
Summarise the genral process for cell injury to possible death)
cell pathology,1
List the Eight Types of Cell Injury
cell pathology,1
The cellular response to injury depends on:
cell pathology,1
Consequences of an injurious stimulus depends on:
cell pathology,1
List Four intracellular mechanisms that are particularly vulnerable to cell injury:
cell pathology,2
Explain why you may not see particular cytomorphological changes in post-mortems
cell pathology,2
1)Describe what happens in the following circumstances atrophy, hypertrophy , hyperplasia,dysplasia and metaplasia
cell pathology,2
2) What is the key thing that shrinks cell or organ in atrophy
cell pathology,2
3)State the general conditions that cause hypertrophy
cell pathology,3
4)Subcategorise hyperplasia
cell pathology,3
- cell pathology what is a popular way of defining cancer)
EOS4
cell pathology,3
Give an example of metaplasia
cell pathology,3
6)Describe relationship between metaplasia and dysplasia , give an example to illustrate your answer
cell pathology,3
Describe and explain ( with a possible example )Light microscopic changes associated with reversible injury
cell pathology,4
Describe what necrosis is , and describe anfd explain ( with possible the examples) the different types of necrosis
cell pathology,4
Describe what an ulcer is
cell pathology,6
Compare apoptosis to necrosis
cell pathology,6
Descibe the causes of apoptosis
cell pathology,7
Explain the Purpose of Apoptosis:
cell pathology,7
State the role of the coroner)
cell pathology,8
Describe / List Cases that must be reported to the coroner:
cell pathology,8
Describe the role of the Coroner’s Autopsy
cell pathology,9
Compare need for consent in both coroners and hospital autopsies
cell pathology,9
E_xplain reasons for an autopsy_
cell pathology,9
Describe differences between Coroners’ and Hospital Autopsy
cell pathology,9
The Coroner’s only duty is to find out what the cause of death is(T/F)
cell pathology,10
Describe what is done with The Death Certificate
cell pathology,10
Describe and explain where necessary the Layout of a Death Certificate
cell pathology,10
Describe the 3 main causes of death in young people:
cell pathology,11
List the Natural and un-natural Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death and describe some of their features- second part to this don’t worry about that much)
cell pathology,11
Give the details of the different Types of Traumatic injuries
cell pathology,12
Give details of the cause of Cut and Stab Wounds
cell pathology,14
Give the definitions of the following: Inflammation, Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation
cell pathology,16
List the Components of Inflammatory Response and Healing
cell pathology,17
Describe Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
cell pathology,17
Des_cribe what Histamines are, how they are produced, and what they do. Give the details of what happens in their dysregualtion_
cell pathology,17
For important mediators other than histamine, describe their function and the cells that produce them
cell pathology,18
Name molecules that target the following inflammatory mediators: histamine, prostaglandins, IL-1 and TNF
cell pathology,18
Explain two different circumstances that make advantage of the leaky Vessels
cell pathology,18
Describe the Function of Exudate
cell pathology,18
Describe the Types of Exudate, and give examples where relevant
cell pathology,19
2)Describe the role of NEUTROPHILS in the acute inflammation
cell pathology,19
3)Where are Eosinophils and mast cells important in acute inflammartion
cell pathology,20
Describe the Control of the acute Inflammatory Reaction
cell pathology,20
Describe the Histological Features of Acute Inflammation
cell pathology,20
Describe the Evolution of Acute Inflammation to Chronic Inflammation
cell pathology,21
Describe what happens in chronic inflammation , describe its causes , the cell cells involved and features and /or actions of the cells involved
cell pathology,21
Describe the Histological Features of Chronic Inflammation
cell pathology,21
Describe the Histological Features of Granulomatous Inflammation
cell pathology,22
Compare the major cells , molecules, effects , time features and outcomes of acute inflammation with that of chronic inflammation
cell pathology,23
In Long Term Sequelae of Inflammation describe it s good and bad effects
cell pathology,23
Define the different types of Wound Healing
cell pathology,23
Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype, resolution, and the conditions for this subtype.
cell pathology,23
Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype Repair,
and the conditions for this subtype.
cell pathology,24
What hinders general and local repair during inflammation?
cell pathology,24
Describe Complications of Repair
cell pathology,24
Define the following the terms: Neoplasm, Parenchyma, Stroma
cell pathology,27
Describe the principles behind naming tumours
cell pathology,27
Show how you can differentiate between benign tumours and malignant tumours
cell pathology,27
Describe and explain Mechanisms of Invasion/Metastasis
cell pathology,28
As part of the main epidemiological principles , state:
The most common cancers in men and women, the current trend for cancer, and countries where certain cancers are more common (don’t worry about this – don’t even know this is a card)
cell pathology,28
Describe biological hereditary and non-heriditary mechanism for cancer
cell pathology,29
Describe the process of Carcinogenesis
cell pathology,30
Define carcinogen)-
cell pathology,30
List the carcinogen classes
cell pathology,30
Give the details of three of the carcinogen classes, include mechanisms for causing cancer where relevant
cell pathology,31
List the FOUR classes of regulatory genes that can become compromised in oncology, describe them and state how they can become compromised , give examples where relevant
cell pathology,31
Explain what a parneoplastic syndrome is
cell pathology,32
Define what cachexia is
cell pathology,33
Describe the Clinical Effects of Tumours
cell pathology,33
Describe Diagnosis and Testing for cancer diagnosis
Describe the Pathological Grading and Staging of Cancer
cell pathology,33
Describe current Prevention and Screening methods
cell pathology,34
define oedema
cell pathology ,34
Describe the three forces involved in moving fluid from plasma to the interstitium
cell pathology,35
Describe the Causes of Oedema
cell pathology,35
Explain the mechanism by which you can get different types of pulmonary oedema
cell pathology,35
- Pulmonary oedema can only be chronic (T/F)
cell pathology,35,F, Pulmonary oedema can be chronic or acute
- Describe the main symptom of pulmonary oedema
cell pathology,35
Describe the major consequence of oedema
cell pathology,35
Describe the different types of Cerebral Oedema cerebral oedema
cell pathology,36
Describe the consequences of cerebral oedema, and they stragtegies need to descrease the consequences
cell pathology,36
Differentiate between osmolarity and osmolality
cell pathology,36
Describe what happens in generalised oedema , what is the name given to generalised oedema, how to tell if it is generalised oedema, and describe the consequences of generalised oedema
cell pathology,36
Define Thrombosis
cell pathology,37
Describe and explain the causes of thrombosis
cell pathology,37
Define ischaemia and infarction
cell pathology,37
Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe any relevant consequences of cardiac thrombosis
cell pathology,38
Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe and/or explain where relevant any consequences of cardiac thrombosis
cell pathology,38
Describe how venous thrombosis may form , sate risk factors and it complaication . Where do venous thromboses usually form
cell pathology,38
Describe the FOUR fates of the thrombus:
cell pathology,38
Define embolus)
cell pathology,39
what is the origination of the majority if emboli, and state the other possible compositions of emboli
cell pathology,39
Where do most Venous Thromboembolisms originate and what is their most significant consequence
cell pathology ,39
Explain consequences of Pulmonary Embolism
cell pathology ,39
Where do most Arterial Thromboemboli originate and what is their most significant consequence
cell pathology ,39
Where do most Cardiac Thromboemboli originate and what are their most significant consequences
cell pathology,39
define what a haemorrhage is
cell pathology , 40
what are the causes of a haemorrhage)
cell pathology ,40
- Explain what a haematoma is
cell pathology ,40
Descibe** **how haemorrhages are classified(would not worry too much about this)
cell pathology ,,40
- The result of a haemorrhage depends on:
cell pathology , 40
state the possible consequences of acute haemorrhage
cell pathology ,40
in what sites can rupture of small vessel be fatal)
cell pathology ,40
Describe consequences of the Formation of a solid haematoma within the cranial cavity
cell pathology ,40
- how does chronic low grade haemorrhage usually present , give an example)
cell pathology ,40
Describe and explain Shock
cell pathology , 41
Give the relevant details of the FIVE Types of Shock
cell pathology ,41
Outline possible causes of ischaemia
cell pathology ,42
Differentiate between red infarcts and white infarcts
cell pathology ,42
Describe Factors influencing development of infarction:
cell pathology ,42
- Describe the TWO Types of MI:
cell pathology ,43
Describe the features of myocardial infarction and small bowel infarction
cell pathology ,43
Describe the process of atheroscleorsis
cell pathology ,43
Describe the TWO Types of Plaque from atherosclerosis
cell pathology ,44
List Important diseases caused by stable atherosclerotic plaques:
cell pathology ,44
List Important diseases causes by thrombosis overlying an unstable atherosclerotic plaque:
cell pathology ,44
List Complications of Helicobacter pylori
cell pathology ,45
Explain how Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophy can occur due to a bacterial infection
cell pathology ,45
Explain the role of *Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer*
cell pathology ,45
List three major outcomes of Atherosclerosis
cell pathology ,46
