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MCD > Cell Pathology > Flashcards

Cell Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

differentitate between lethal and sub lethal cell injury)

A

cell pathology,1

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2
Q

How can stress change a cell)

A

cell pathology,1

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3
Q

Summarise the genral process for cell injury to possible death)

A

cell pathology,1

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4
Q

List the Eight Types of Cell Injury

A

cell pathology,1

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5
Q

The cellular response to injury depends on:

A

cell pathology,1

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6
Q

Consequences of an injurious stimulus depends on:

A

cell pathology,1

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7
Q

List Four intracellular mechanisms that are particularly vulnerable to cell injury:

A

cell pathology,2

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8
Q

Explain why you may not see particular cytomorphological changes in post-mortems

A

cell pathology,2

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9
Q

1)Describe what happens in the following circumstances atrophy, hypertrophy , hyperplasia,dysplasia and metaplasia

A

cell pathology,2

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10
Q

2) What is the key thing that shrinks cell or organ in atrophy

A

cell pathology,2

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11
Q

3)State the general conditions that cause hypertrophy

A

cell pathology,3

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12
Q

4)Subcategorise hyperplasia

A

cell pathology,3

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13
Q
  • cell pathology what is a popular way of defining cancer)

EOS4

A

cell pathology,3

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14
Q

Give an example of metaplasia

A

cell pathology,3

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15
Q

6)Describe relationship between metaplasia and dysplasia , give an example to illustrate your answer

A

cell pathology,3

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16
Q

Describe and explain ( with a possible example )Light microscopic changes associated with reversible injury

A

cell pathology,4

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17
Q

Describe what necrosis is , and describe anfd explain ( with possible the examples) the different types of necrosis

A

cell pathology,4

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18
Q

Describe what an ulcer is

A

cell pathology,6

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19
Q

Compare apoptosis to necrosis

A

cell pathology,6

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20
Q

Descibe the causes of apoptosis

A

cell pathology,7

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21
Q

Explain the Purpose of Apoptosis:

A

cell pathology,7

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22
Q

State the role of the coroner)

A

cell pathology,8

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23
Q

Describe / List Cases that must be reported to the coroner:

A

cell pathology,8

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24
Q

Describe the role of the Coroner’s Autopsy

A

cell pathology,9

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25
Q

Compare need for consent in both coroners and hospital autopsies

A

cell pathology,9

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26
Q

E_xplain reasons for an autopsy_

A

cell pathology,9

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27
Q

Describe differences between Coroners’ and Hospital Autopsy

A

cell pathology,9

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28
Q

The Coroner’s only duty is to find out what the cause of death is(T/F)

A

cell pathology,10

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29
Q

Describe what is done with The Death Certificate

A

cell pathology,10

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30
Q

Describe and explain where necessary the Layout of a Death Certificate

A

cell pathology,10

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31
Q

Describe the 3 main causes of death in young people:

A

cell pathology,11

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32
Q

List the Natural and un-natural Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death and describe some of their features- second part to this don’t worry about that much)

A

cell pathology,11

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33
Q

Give the details of the different Types of Traumatic injuries

A

cell pathology,12

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34
Q

Give details of the cause of Cut and Stab Wounds

A

cell pathology,14

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35
Q

Give the definitions of the following: Inflammation, Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation

A

cell pathology,16

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36
Q

List the Components of Inflammatory Response and Healing

A

cell pathology,17

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37
Q

Describe Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A

cell pathology,17

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38
Q

Des_cribe what Histamines are, how they are produced, and what they do. Give the details of what happens in their dysregualtion_

A

cell pathology,17

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39
Q

For important mediators other than histamine, describe their function and the cells that produce them

A

cell pathology,18

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40
Q

Name molecules that target the following inflammatory mediators: histamine, prostaglandins, IL-1 and TNF

A

cell pathology,18

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41
Q

Explain two different circumstances that make advantage of the leaky Vessels

A

cell pathology,18

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42
Q

Describe the Function of Exudate

A

cell pathology,18

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43
Q

Describe the Types of Exudate, and give examples where relevant

A

cell pathology,19

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44
Q

2)Describe the role of NEUTROPHILS in the acute inflammation

A

cell pathology,19

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45
Q

3)Where are Eosinophils and mast cells important in acute inflammartion

A

cell pathology,20

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46
Q

Describe the Control of the acute Inflammatory Reaction

A

cell pathology,20

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47
Q

Describe the Histological Features of Acute Inflammation

A

cell pathology,20

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48
Q

Describe the Evolution of Acute Inflammation to Chronic Inflammation

A

cell pathology,21

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49
Q

Describe what happens in chronic inflammation , describe its causes , the cell cells involved and features and /or actions of the cells involved

A

cell pathology,21

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50
Q

Describe the Histological Features of Chronic Inflammation

A

cell pathology,21

51
Q

Describe the Histological Features of Granulomatous Inflammation

A

cell pathology,22

52
Q

Compare the major cells , molecules, effects , time features and outcomes of acute inflammation with that of chronic inflammation

A

cell pathology,23

53
Q

In Long Term Sequelae of Inflammation describe it s good and bad effects

A

cell pathology,23

54
Q

Define the different types of Wound Healing

A

cell pathology,23

55
Q

Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype, resolution, and the conditions for this subtype.

A

cell pathology,23

56
Q

Describe what happens in the wound repair subtype Repair,

and the conditions for this subtype.

A

cell pathology,24

57
Q

What hinders general and local repair during inflammation?

A

cell pathology,24

58
Q

Describe Complications of Repair

A

cell pathology,24

59
Q

Define the following the terms: Neoplasm, Parenchyma, Stroma

A

cell pathology,27

60
Q

Describe the principles behind naming tumours

A

cell pathology,27

61
Q

Show how you can differentiate between benign tumours and malignant tumours

A

cell pathology,27

62
Q

Describe and explain Mechanisms of Invasion/Metastasis

A

cell pathology,28

63
Q

As part of the main epidemiological principles , state:

The most common cancers in men and women, the current trend for cancer, and countries where certain cancers are more common (don’t worry about this – don’t even know this is a card)

A

cell pathology,28

64
Q

Describe biological hereditary and non-heriditary mechanism for cancer

A

cell pathology,29

65
Q

Describe the process of Carcinogenesis

A

cell pathology,30

66
Q

Define carcinogen)-

A

cell pathology,30

67
Q

List the carcinogen classes

A

cell pathology,30

68
Q

Give the details of three of the carcinogen classes, include mechanisms for causing cancer where relevant

A

cell pathology,31

69
Q

List the FOUR classes of regulatory genes that can become compromised in oncology, describe them and state how they can become compromised , give examples where relevant

A

cell pathology,31

70
Q

Explain what a parneoplastic syndrome is

A

cell pathology,32

71
Q

Define what cachexia is

A

cell pathology,33

72
Q

Describe the Clinical Effects of Tumours

A

cell pathology,33

73
Q

Describe Diagnosis and Testing for cancer diagnosis

A
74
Q

Describe the Pathological Grading and Staging of Cancer

A

cell pathology,33

75
Q

Describe current Prevention and Screening methods

A

cell pathology,34

76
Q

define oedema

A

cell pathology ,34

77
Q

Describe the three forces involved in moving fluid from plasma to the interstitium

A

cell pathology,35

78
Q

Describe the Causes of Oedema

A

cell pathology,35

79
Q

Explain the mechanism by which you can get different types of pulmonary oedema

A

cell pathology,35

80
Q
  • Pulmonary oedema can only be chronic (T/F)
A

cell pathology,35,F, Pulmonary oedema can be chronic or acute

81
Q
  • Describe the main symptom of pulmonary oedema
A

cell pathology,35

82
Q

Describe the major consequence of oedema

A

cell pathology,35

83
Q

Describe the different types of Cerebral Oedema cerebral oedema

A

cell pathology,36

84
Q

Describe the consequences of cerebral oedema, and they stragtegies need to descrease the consequences

A

cell pathology,36

85
Q

Differentiate between osmolarity and osmolality

A

cell pathology,36

86
Q

Describe what happens in generalised oedema , what is the name given to generalised oedema, how to tell if it is generalised oedema, and describe the consequences of generalised oedema

A

cell pathology,36

87
Q

Define Thrombosis

A

cell pathology,37

88
Q

Describe and explain the causes of thrombosis

A

cell pathology,37

89
Q

Define ischaemia and infarction

A

cell pathology,37

90
Q

Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe any relevant consequences of cardiac thrombosis

A

cell pathology,38

91
Q

Explain how cardiac thrombosis may form and describe and/or explain where relevant any consequences of cardiac thrombosis

A

cell pathology,38

92
Q

Describe how venous thrombosis may form , sate risk factors and it complaication . Where do venous thromboses usually form

A

cell pathology,38

93
Q

Describe the FOUR fates of the thrombus:

A

cell pathology,38

94
Q

Define embolus)

A

cell pathology,39

95
Q

what is the origination of the majority if emboli, and state the other possible compositions of emboli

A

cell pathology,39

96
Q

Where do most Venous Thromboembolisms originate and what is their most significant consequence

A

cell pathology ,39

97
Q

Explain consequences of Pulmonary Embolism

A

cell pathology ,39

98
Q

Where do most Arterial Thromboemboli originate and what is their most significant consequence

A

cell pathology ,39

99
Q

Where do most Cardiac Thromboemboli originate and what are their most significant consequences

A

cell pathology,39

100
Q

define what a haemorrhage is

A

cell pathology , 40

101
Q

what are the causes of a haemorrhage)

A

cell pathology ,40

102
Q
  • Explain what a haematoma is
A

cell pathology ,40

103
Q

Descibe** **how haemorrhages are classified(would not worry too much about this)

A

cell pathology ,,40

104
Q
  • The result of a haemorrhage depends on:
A

cell pathology , 40

105
Q

state the possible consequences of acute haemorrhage

A

cell pathology ,40

106
Q

in what sites can rupture of small vessel be fatal)

A

cell pathology ,40

107
Q

Describe consequences of the Formation of a solid haematoma within the cranial cavity

A

cell pathology ,40

108
Q
  • how does chronic low grade haemorrhage usually present , give an example)
A

cell pathology ,40

109
Q

Describe and explain Shock

A

cell pathology , 41

110
Q

Give the relevant details of the FIVE Types of Shock

A

cell pathology ,41

111
Q

Outline possible causes of ischaemia

A

cell pathology ,42

112
Q

Differentiate between red infarcts and white infarcts

A

cell pathology ,42

113
Q

Describe Factors influencing development of infarction:

A

cell pathology ,42

114
Q
  • Describe the TWO Types of MI:
A

cell pathology ,43

115
Q

Describe the features of myocardial infarction and small bowel infarction

A

cell pathology ,43

116
Q

Describe the process of atheroscleorsis

A

cell pathology ,43

117
Q

Describe the TWO Types of Plaque from atherosclerosis

A

cell pathology ,44

118
Q

List Important diseases caused by stable atherosclerotic plaques:

A

cell pathology ,44

119
Q

List Important diseases causes by thrombosis overlying an unstable atherosclerotic plaque:

A

cell pathology ,44

120
Q

List Complications of Helicobacter pylori

A

cell pathology ,45

121
Q

Explain how Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophy can occur due to a bacterial infection

A

cell pathology ,45

122
Q

Explain the role of *Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer*

A

cell pathology ,45

123
Q

List three major outcomes of Atherosclerosis

A

cell pathology ,46

MCD (40 decks)

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