Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > N4 + N5- Nervous system introduction and spinal cord > Flashcards

N4 + N5- Nervous system introduction and spinal cord Flashcards

In addition with word document

1
Q

What nerves make up the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves

- 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 primary vesicles of the brain at 4 weeks?

A
  • Prosencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Rhombencephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are the secondary vesicles formed at 6-8 weeks?

A

Prosencephalon and rhombencephalon divides into 2 swellings and mesencephalon remains the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 secondary vesicles?

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Metencephalon
  • Mylencephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What major derivative of the mature brain does telencephalon form?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What major derivative of the mature brain does diencephalon form?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What major derivative of the mature brain does mesencephalon form?

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What major derivative of the mature brain does metencephalon form?

A

Pons, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What major derivative of the mature brain does Myelencephalon form?

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structures make ups the brainstem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What matter is the brain made up of?

A
  • Grey matter

- white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is grey matter made of and where is most of this matter located?

A
  • Huge numbers of neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells
  • outside edge of brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is white matter made of and where is most of this matter located?

A
  • Axons (most myelinated) and their support cells

- deep to grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an exaggerated sulcus?

A

fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What grey matter structures are located deep in the cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • Caudate nucleus (associated with the ventricles)
  • Thalamus (sits on the midline)
  • Putamen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

The main white matter fibre tract between the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the central sulcus run?

A

Runs superior to inferior and from posterior to anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What gyrus sits anterior to the general sulcus?

A

Precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what gyrus sits posterior to the general sulcus?

A

postcentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What sulcus/fissure forms the temporal lobe?

A

lateral sulcus or fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what fissure slices the brain in half on the coronal plane?

A

longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

The biggest white matter tract which provides communication between the left and right hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of the primary visual cortex?

A

calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What sulcus splits the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What gyrus and sulcus are superior to the corpus callosum ?
cingulate
26
What is the name of the place where the two sides of the thalamus adhere?
Interthalamic adhesion
27
What are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?
- large lobe anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus - lobe anterior to a line drawn from the central sulcus down to the corpus callosum (medial)
28
What are the boundaries of the parietal lobe?
- posterior to the central sulcus, superior to the lateral sulcus (and a backward extension of it), and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preocciptial notch - posterior to the frontal lobe and anterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus (medial)
29
What are the boundaries of the occipital lobe?
-posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preocciptial notch
30
What are the boundaries of the temporal lobe?
- inferior to the lateral sulcus (and a line extending the lateral sulcus posteriorly) and posteriorly by a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch - the temporal lobe extends from the temporal pole, to a line drawn between the preoccipital notch and the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus (medially)
31
What is the name and where is the extra lobe/ 'fifth lobe"?
- insula | - hurried in lateral fissure (to see it, cut away the temporal, frontal and parietal opercula )
32
what are the 3 layers of the meninges?
- dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater
33
Describe dura mater.
outer tough layer of connective tissue
34
Describe arachnoid mater.
relatively thin layer that is usually apposed to the dura mater. Thin, wispy cords of connective tissue connect this layer to the pia
35
Describe the Pia mater.
very thin inner layer that is apposed to the surface of the brain. A layer of pia mater accompanies arteries penetrating into the brain. Pia mater follows there gyrus and sulcus
36
what are the two dural folds?
- Falx cerebri ( invagination of dura mater down hemispheres of brain) - tentorium cerebelli (separates supra-tentorium space and and the sub-tentroium space)
37
what do dural folds form when they meet bone?
venous sinuses
38
what secretes cerebrospinal-spinal fluid?
secreted by specialised cells within the ventricular system of the brain
39
where does CSF circulate?
around the brain AND spinal cord from the 4 ventricles to the subarachnoid space
40
what reabsorbs CSF into the dural venous sinuses?
arachnoid granulations
41
What produces CSF?
Choroid plexus in ventricles
42
What is the structure of the choroid plexus?
Core of the choroid plexus is blood vessels and it is enclosed in a choroid epithelium
43
How do the lateral ventricles connect to the 3rd ventricle?
interventricular foramen
44
what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?
cerebral aqueduct (thin canal)
45
Where does the CSF flow from the 4th ventricle?
Most flows into subarachnoid space and some flows into the central canal
46
What are cisterns?
in some areas the arachnoid departs substantially from the pia, leaving a relatively large space filled with CSF
47
Where can you insert a needle without damaging the spinal cord?
below L2
48
What are the main arteries that supply blood to the brain?
- right and left internal carotid arteries | - vertebral arteries
49
what forms from the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
circle of willis
50
what makes up the circle of willis?
- posterior cerebral - posterior communications - middle cerebral - internal carotid - anterior cerebral - anterior communicating
51
what artery moves in the lateral fissure?
medial cerebral
52
what does the branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply?
The frontal lobe and most of the parietal lobes
53
what does the branches of the middle cerebral artery supply?
lateral areas of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
54
what does the branches of the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
mostly thalamus?
55
What is the blood supply to the cerebellum?
``` From vertebral arteries: -Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery From basilar artery: -Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery -Superior Cerebellar Artery ```
56
What is the blood supply to the brainstem?
-Midbrain: branches from the termination of the basilar artery and initial segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Pons: Pontine arteries (paramedian and circumferential) Medulla: branches from anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery
57
what is the venous sinuses drainage in the brain?
Superior saggital sinus> confluence of the sinus> tranverse sinus > sigmoid sinus
58
where eventually does the dural venous sinuses drain?
internal jugular vein
59
What is the venous drainage of the deep brain and inferior surface?
series of veins that largely empty into the great cerebral vein and then the straight sinus
60
where does the great cerebral vein and terminal part of internal cerebral vein travel in?
transvers fissure

Neuroscience (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions