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Neuroscience > N19- Trigeminal proprioception > Flashcards

N19- Trigeminal proprioception Flashcards

1
Q

what is proprioception?

A

Awareness of position of body parts in relation to each other and surroundings

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2
Q

what is kinaesthesia?

A

movement awareness

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3
Q

what receptors are involved in proprioceptors?

A
  • muscle spindles
  • golgi tendon organs
  • joint receptors
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4
Q

Describe the extrafusal fibres.

A
  • bulk of the muscle fibres

- contractile

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5
Q

Describe the intrafusal fibres.

A
  • muscle spindles
  • specialised muscle fibres
  • within a ct capsule
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6
Q

how do muscle spindles lie in comparison to muscle fibres?

A

lie parallel to each other

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7
Q

how do the muscle itself and muscle spindles contract?

A

contract independent of one another as they have a different nerve supply

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the muscle spindle.

A

Both ends of the spindle are contractile and there is a non-contractile central portion which can be stretched

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9
Q

How are the afferents activated in muscle spindles?

A

activated by stretch

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10
Q

what does the primary annulo-spiral nerve ending detect?

A

Detects length of fibres and speed of change of length

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11
Q

what does the secondary (flower-spray) nerve endings detect?

A

detect length of fibres

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12
Q

what is the efferent neurone of the muscle spindles?

A

Gamma motor neurone

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13
Q

what are the extrafusal fibres supplied by?

A

alpha motor neurons

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14
Q

what is the muscle spindle role?

A
  • Information about muscle length
  • act to maintain muscle length
  • load compensation
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15
Q

what happens when muscle spindle is stretched during reflexes?

A

muscle spindle contracts to maintain original position

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16
Q

Describe the spindles in action with the water bucket scenario .

A
  • Bucket fills with water
  • Biceps spindles stretch
  • Increased motor neurone drive to biceps
  • Muscle length maintained
17
Q

where are muscle spindle cell bodies found?

A

trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

18
Q

where do muscle spindle afferents synapse?

A
  • V motor nucleus

- Other areas linked to sensorimotor regulation: cerebellum and cerebral cortex

19
Q

what happens when the muscle shortens?

A
  • Contract muscle spindles using gamma motor fibres

- drives the length of extrafusal muscle during contractions

20
Q

what are the roles of gamma motor neurones?

A
  • Cause contraction of intrafusal fibres
  • Maintain tension in spindle
  •  Maintain spindle afferent activity
  •  α‐γ co‐activation
21
Q

During load compensation, what happens during α‐γ co‐activation?

A
  • muscle shortens -jaw closes
  • spindle tension maintained
  • spindle activity maintained
  • (muscle is not changing length, just force increasing)
22
Q

During load compensation, what overcomes the resistance of the carrot?

A
  • muscle doesn’t shorten
  • γ-activity stretches spindle
  • spindle activity increased
  • α drive to muscle increases
23
Q

what prevents teeth crashing together during load compensation?

A

The length of intrasfusal fibres causes activation of jaw opening muscles

24
Q

where are more spindle fibres found in skeletal muscle?

A

in places for more fine motor control, detailed movements i.e the hand

25
Q

where are Golgi tendon organs found?

A

in tendons in series with muscle fibres

26
Q

where are very few, if any, Golgi tendons organs?

A

masticatory muscles

27
Q

what type of receptors are golgi tendon organs ?

A

tension receptors

28
Q

what role does Golgi tendon organs have?

A

Role in (inhibitory) reflex ‐prevention of XS stretch of muscle

29
Q

what does Golgi tendon do in response to muscle moving against great resistance?

A

starts firing to offer feedback to muscle system which controls the amount of force you can generate from that muscle to prevent muscle damage

30
Q

what plays the equivalent role to Golgi tendon in the mouth?

A

receptors in periodontal ligament provide the same feedback in the mouth

31
Q

where are the 3 joint receptors , where are they found and what is their role?

A

-Pacinian – in ligaments ‐ acceleration
- Golgi – in ligament ‐ position
- Ruffini ‐ in capsule‐ movement

32
Q

Name a test of proprioceptive ability?

A
  • interdental detection - can detect 50micrometers between teeth
  • ability to reposition the jaw -accuracy of the order of <2mm
33
Q

what receptors are involved in interdental detection?

A
  • periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors

- muscle spindles

34
Q

what receptors are involved in repositioning test?

A
  • muscle spindles
  • TMJ receptors
  • Not PDLM’s -no tooth contact

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