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Med Micro > N. meningitidis - A. baumanii > Flashcards

N. meningitidis - A. baumanii Flashcards

1
Q

This is a Gram (-), non-motile, capsulated diplococci that ferments both maltose and glucose and grows on chocolate agar

A

N. meningitidis

note: test can include CSF sample

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2
Q

Is N. meningitidis oxidase positive or negative?

A

positive

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3
Q

What are the outer surface antigens of N. meningitidis?

A

capsule, pili, LOS

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4
Q

Where does N. meningitidis colonize? How is it spread?

A

pharynx and nasopharynx; respiratory droplets in close contact

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5
Q

What serogroups of N. meningitidis are most common in Europe/US?

A

B, C, Y

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6
Q

N. meningitidis is the #1 cause of what in kids?

A

bacterial meningitis

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7
Q

This disease caused by N. meningitidis is the most rapid, lethal cause of septic shock.

A

Meningococcemia

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8
Q

How does meningococcemia progress?

A

bacterial products damage walls of blood vessels, blood leaks into skin and organs -> hemorrhagic skin lesions! There is also decreased cerebral perfusion and this may lead to confusion.

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9
Q

Meningoccemia can be associated with Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome. Describe how this disease presents?

A

infection leads to massive hemorrhage into adrenal glands; characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection, low BP, and shock, DIC

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10
Q

This disease caused by N. meningitidis is common in kids and those with complement deficiency, abrupt onset with typical meningeal signs (HA, stiff neck, drowsy rash, phophobia, fever, and vomiting). There is also purpura fulminans (large lesions that become necrotic) which is due to IL-6/IL-1

A

meningococcal meningitis

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11
Q

The virulence of N. meningitidis is mostly due to what?

A

outer surface components of the capsule - allows it to survive in blood and CSF, anti-phagocytic

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12
Q

PorA/PorB are virulence factors of N. meningitids. What do they do?

A

form pores; trigger endocytosis

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13
Q

How does LOS help in virulence of N. meningitids?

A

antigenic variability

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14
Q

What is the role of the pili in virulence of N. meningitidis?

A

antigenic variability, assist in mucosal adherence

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15
Q

This bacterium is a Gram (-) diplococcus that ferments glucose but NOT maltose.

A

N. gonorrhoeae

note: test may include PMN’s with Gram (-) intracellular diplococci

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16
Q

Is N. gonorrhoeae oxidase positive or negative?

A

positive

17
Q

When sampling for N. gonorrhoeae, one should look at discharge or take rectal swab and see round, gray colonies on a ____ ____ Agar plate

A

Thayer Martin

18
Q

N. gonorrhoeae is considered a ____, and therefore puts 15-24 yo’s with complement def. at high risk.

A

STD

19
Q

Are males or females more likely to contract N. gonorrhoeae?

A

females

20
Q

Anatomically, where is the N. gonorrhoeae infection located in males and females?

A

males: urethra
females: cervix

21
Q

Describe the urethritis (males) caused by N. gonorrhoeae - Onset and presentation.

A

2-6 days after contraction; dysuria, purulent discharge, itching, testicular pain

22
Q

Describe the cervicitis (females) caused by N. gonorrhoeae. Can it be passed to baby?

A

purulent discharge, edema, pain, redness, gram stain shows lots of bacteria and inflammatory cells; yes, can be passed to baby

23
Q

This bacterium is the #1 cause of septic arthritis in 16-45 yo’s

A

N. gonorrhoeae

24
Q

What is the main virulence factor of N. gonorrhoeae?

A

iron binding proteins allow N. gonorrhoeae to steal our iron

25
Q

This bacterium is a Gram (-), aerobic, diploccocus that cannot ferment sucrose, glucose, maltose, or lactose.

A

M. catarrhalis

26
Q

Is M. catarrhalis oxidase positive or negative?

A

positive

27
Q

M. catarrhalis is the #3 most common cause of ___ ___

A

otitis media

28
Q

In regards to disease, what does a M. catarrhalis infection entail?

A

OM and sinusitis - kids

LRTI - adults

29
Q

This bacterium is an aerobic Gram(-), rod, coccobacilli (while sationary) that can survive in variable pH and temp.

A

A. baumanii

30
Q

What do A. baumanii colonies look like?

A

colorless, mucoid

31
Q

Is A. baumanii oxidase positive or negative?

A

negative

note: this distinguishes it from Neisseria or Maraxella

32
Q

A. baumanii can survive on fomites for weeks and is commonly seen in what individuals?

A

US troops in Iraq

33
Q

A. baumanii is the only Gram (-) bacterium that can be part of normal ___ ___

A

skin flora

34
Q

What disease does A. baumanii produce?

A

pneumonia - mostly those on ventilators

note: may also cause bacteremia, septic shock, or meningitis

35
Q

What are the main virulence factors of A. baumanii?

A

biofilm, outer membrane proteins/LPS

Med Micro (25 decks)

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