Gram (+) Bacilli

Question 1

These two Gram + bacilli are aerobic and produce spores

Answer 1

B. cereus and B. anthracis (Bacillus)

Question 2

One way to differentiate between B. cereus and B. anthracis is to look at hemolysis and motility. Describe these two characteristics for both.

Answer 2

B. cereus: beta-hemolytic, motile

B. anthracis: non-hemolytic, non-motile

Question 3

What diseases does B. cereus cause?

Answer 3

gastroenteritis and ocular infections

Question 4

What diseases does B. anthracis cause?

Answer 4

ANTHRAX: cutaneous, inhalation, and GI types

Question 5

This Gram + Bacilli is aerobic and can be characterized by its intracellular life cycle and tumbling motility.

Answer 5

Listeria

Question 6

What diseases does Listeria cause?

Answer 6

NEONATES: granulomatosis, meningitis
ADULTS: flu-like symptoms, bacteremia

Question 7

This Gram + Bacilli is aerobic and does not produce spores. It commonly causes erysipeloid -> cellulitis lesions and infects butchers, farmers, and vets

Answer 7

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie

Question 8

This Gram + Bacilli is aerobic and does not produce spores. It is characterized by looking like chinese characters and formation of a dark pseudomembrane.

Answer 8

C. diphtheria

Question 9

What disease does C. diphtheria cause?

Answer 9

Diphtheria: bull-neck, nasopharyngeal, and cutaneous

Question 10

This Gram + bacilli is aerobic, acid fast, and characterized by its intracellular lifespan, being filamentous, aerial hyphae, and sulfur granules.

Answer 10

Nocardia

Question 11

What disease does Nocardia cause?

Answer 11

bronchopulmonary disease

Question 12

This Gram + bacilli is aerobic, acid fast, grows on lowenstein-jensen agar, and is positive for the lepromin test

Answer 12

M. leprae

Question 13

This Gram + bacilli is aerobic, acid fast, grows on lowenstein-jensen agar, and causes chronic pulmonary disease in IC people

Answer 13

M. avium

Question 14

This Gram + bacilli is aerobic, acid fast, grows on lowenstein-jensen agar, and is characterized by slow growth, non-pigmented colonies, and is positive for the Mantoux test.

Answer 14

M. tuberculosis

Question 15

This Gram + bacilli is characterized by its medusa head and string of pearls appearance

Answer 15

B. anthracis

Question 16

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, has an irregular arrangement, is non-toxic, and causes acne.

Answer 16

Proprionus acnes

Question 17

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, filamentous, is characterized by a molar tooth appearance and presence of sulfur granules.

Answer 17

Actinomyces israelli

Question 18

What disease does Actinomyces israelli cause?

Answer 18

ACTINOMYCOSIS: cervocofacial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, CNS

Question 19

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, spore forming, and is characterized by a box car shape, positive nagler test, no leukocyte test, non-motile, non-hemolytic, and rapid growth

Answer 19

Clostridium perfringes

Question 20

What disease does C. perfringes cause?

Answer 20

cellulitis, myonecrosis, food poisoning, septicemia

Question 21

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, spore forming, and characterized by its tennis racket shape, motility, beta-hemolysis, causing “rigid baby”

Answer 21

Clostirdium tetani

Question 22

What disease does C. tetani cause?

Answer 22

TETANUS —| AchE

generalized, local, and neonatal types

Question 23

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, spore forming, and is characterized by the blocking of ACh release and iridescent colonies. This bacterium is why you don’t give honey to babies.

Answer 23

Clostirdium botilinum

Question 24

What disease does C. botilinum cause?

Answer 24

BOTULISM: foodbourne, infant, wound

Question 25

This Gram + bacilli is anaerobic, spore forming, is motile, and has toxin A + B, it commonly infects after antibiotic therapy

Answer 25

Clostirdium difficile

Question 26

What disease does C. diff cause?

Answer 26

antibiotic related diarrhea and pseudomembrane colitis