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Med Micro > Enterobacteriaceae - Fusobacterium nucleatum > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae - Fusobacterium nucleatum Flashcards

1
Q

This type of Enterobacteriaceae is a Gram (-) rod that can be capsulated or noncapsulated. It is oxidase, urease, and citrate negative. It is very motile.

A

E. coli

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2
Q

E. coli is indole ___ and is a ____ fermenter on MacConkey agar.

A

positive; lactose

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3
Q

What color is E. coli on EMB agar?

A

metallic green (lactose ferment)

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4
Q

What does the SIM test look like for E. coli?

A

no black

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5
Q

What does the TSI slant look like for E. coli?

A

yellow - lactose fermentation

agar displaced upward - gas formed

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6
Q

E. coli is the #2 cause of ____ in neonates

A

meningitis

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7
Q

What is the pneumonic for diseases of E. coli?

A

Golly G PU CAME

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8
Q

E. coli is the #1 cause of this infection. It results in dysuria, suprapubic pain; fever/back pain = progression to polynephritis

A

UTI

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9
Q

In regards to E. coli, abdominal/pelvic infections can lead to what?

A

peritonitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, or visceral abcess

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10
Q

Pneumonia caused by E. coli is ___% of nosocomial pneumonia cases

A

70

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11
Q

This type of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli attaches to intestinal epithelial cells and destroys microvilli -> decreased fluid absorption -> watery diarrhea. This is the major cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries.

A

EPEC (enteropathogenic)

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12
Q

This type of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli is referred to as traveler’s diarrhea. It is due to LT-I which is like cholera toxin causing an increase in cAMP and STa which causes an increase in cGMP - both causing fluid loss. Incubation is in 1-2 days and last 3-4 days

A

ETEC (enterotoxigenic)

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13
Q

This type of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli is from consuming undercooked meat, veggies, and expired milk.It is most common in developed countries. It produces shiga like toxins that disrupt protein synthesis. The infecting dose is 100 bacteria and results in mild to bloody diarrhea with severe abdominal pain

A

EHEC (enterohemorrhagic)

note: O157:H7 is most common strain in US

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14
Q

This type of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli is rare in developed countries. It is plasmid mediated invasion and destruction of epithelial linings. Symptoms are fever, cramps, watery diarrhea -> dysentery

A

EIEC (enteroinvasive)

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15
Q

This type of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli is infant diarrhea in underdeveloped countries; it is plasma encoded bacterial adherence (like STACKED BRICKS) -> microvilli shortening. Symptoms include watery diarrhea with vomitting

A

EAEC (enteroaggregative)

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16
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod that is a lactose NON-fermenter. Its produces black colonies on SS agar (H2S production) and is oxidase negative. It comes from raw or undercooked poultry items and has a high infectious dose

A

Salmonella - non-typhoidal (NTS)

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17
Q

What disease does NTS cause?

A

Gastroenteritis: 6-48h incubation

Bacteremia

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18
Q

Describe the process of virulence for Salmonella

A

traverses intestinal layer through phagocytic M cells in PP.
Salmonella -> membrane ruffles in intest. epithelial cells.
These ruffles trap salmonella and induce their endocytosis.
Causes massive PMN infiltration - PMNs have toxicants that damage the mucosa

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19
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod that is a lactose NON-fermenter. Its produces black colonies on SS agar (H2S production) and is oxidase negative. It is present mostly in developing countries and is more common than NTS.

A

Salmonella Typhirmurium

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20
Q

What disease does Salmonella Typhirmurium cause?

A

Enteric (Typhoid) Fever

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21
Q

Typhoid fever has an incubation period of ___-___ days, and starts as non-specific flu. There is diarrhea, and fever. An early sign is ___ spots with bacteria on trunk, bradycardia, ____ (nose bleeds), hepatospenomegaly. There are also GI bleeds due to ulcers.

A

10-14; rose; epistaxis

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22
Q

Salmonella infects ______ tissues

A

reticuloendothelial (liver/spleen/BM)

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23
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod that is resistant to gastric acid, is a NON-lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar, is a NON-H2S producer (white colonies) on SS agar. It is oxidase negative.

A

Shigella (enterobacteriacea)

24
Q

____ in fecal smears are a strong sign of Shigella

A

PMNs

25
Q

What individuals does shigella primarily infect and how is it transmitted?

A

primarily pediatric; fecal-oral

26
Q

How is Shigella different than L. monocytogenes?

A

it’s an extracellular parasite

27
Q

What disease does Shigella Cause? Describe its symptoms.

A

Shigellosis: fever, cramps, diarrhea to dysentery; damage to glomerular epithelium

28
Q

How does Shigella invade?

A

invades colonic mucosa through M cells and PP (peyer’s patches); phagocytosed into M cells -> multiplication causes apoptosis

29
Q

Shigella induces marked inflammation but rarely gets into the ____. It spreads from cell to cell via ___ ____

A

blood; actin tail

30
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod. It is a non-lactose fermenter and is motile at 25 degrees. It’s zoonotic.

A

Yersinia (enterobacteriacea)

31
Q

What causes Yersnia?

A

raw meat and unpasteurized milk or fecally contaminated water

32
Q

Yersnia targets what organ?

A

ileum

note: mesenteric lymph node infection also

33
Q

Describe the symptoms of a Yersnia infection. How long does it last?

A

acute diarrhea, low fever, abd. cramps; confused with apendicitis!; lasts 2-3 weeks

34
Q

What is the most important virulence factor of Yersnia?

A

70kb plasmid is essential for virulence and codes for at least 6 genes for outer membrane proteins

35
Q

Yersnia can grow from ___-___ degrees

A

1-45

36
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod with a prominent capsule. It is urease positive and citrate positive. It ferments lactose and is oxidase negative.

A

Klebsiella sp. (enterobacteriacea)

37
Q

Klebsiella sp. colonizes ___ surfaces in mammals. What disease caused by Klebsiella is most common?

A

mucosal; pneumonia

38
Q

Pneumonia caused by Klebsiella sp. is mostly nosocomial. It has an ___ onset; is severe and destructive; ____ colored blood and ___-like sputum are associated with it.

A

acute; gray-green; jelly

39
Q

Pneumonia caused by Klebsiella sp. affects which individuals mostly?

A

alcoholics, elderly, patients with lung disease

40
Q

Klebsiella sp. causes a few other diseases besides pneumonia. What are they?

A

UTIs; soft tissue infections; bacteremia

41
Q

This is a Gram (-) rod, encapsulated, with an intracellular life cycle. When identifying this bacterium, you take sample from lesion to see if there are DONOVAN BODIES inside macrophages. It’s oxidase negative.

A

Klebsiella granulomatous (enterobacteriacea)

42
Q

Klebsiella granulomatous is considered a ____ but can also be found in kids and non-sexually active adults

A

STD

43
Q

What disease does Klebsiella granulomatous cause?

A

Granuloma Inguinale

44
Q

Granuloma Inguinale (caused by Klebsiella granulomatous) has an incubation period of ___-___ weeks and begins as subcutaneous nodules that erode through the skin —> ___ granulomatous lesions that slowly enlarge

A

1-4; painless

45
Q

Granuloma Inguinale may eventually destroy the ____ or other organs

A

penis (oh god)

46
Q

This is a gram (-) rod, HIGHLY motile, likes a high pH, and has a very foul smell.

A

Proteus (enterobacteriacea)

47
Q

How is Proteus (P. mirabalis) ID’d?

A

lactose non-fermenter, urease +, oxidase negative, SWARMING colonies (due to high motility)

48
Q

Where can Proteus be found?

A

human gut, soil, water

49
Q

What disease does Proteus (P. mirabalis) cause?

A

UTI’s and wound infections

50
Q

What 3 virulence factors does Proteus utilize?

A

adhesins, urease, flagella

51
Q

This is a Gram (-) pleomorphic rod. It is a STRICT ANAEROBE.

A

Bacteroides fragilis (Fusobacterium)

52
Q

How is Fusobacterium ID’d?

A

anaerobic growth, foul smelling wounds with gas, black growth on bacterioids bile esculin agar

53
Q

Where is B. fragilis (Fusobacterium) found?

A

GIT nomal flora

note: causes infection after surgery or perf. bowel

54
Q

What is the most common infection caused by B. Fragilis (Fusobacterium)?

A

Intra-abdominal infections

note: may also cause sinusitis, otitis, brain/liver absceses, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infecitons

55
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. fragillis (Fusobacterium)

A

catalase and SOD

Med Micro (25 decks)

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