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cardio am > Myocarditis and Pericarditis > Flashcards

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

Inflammation of myocardium

Can impair myocardial function, cause arrhythmia and take on the appearance of dilated cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What can cause myocarditis?

A 
Acute= viral most common, associated with pericarditis
Chronic= autoimmune
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3
Q

What is the presentation of myocarditis?

A

Heart failure= fatigue, exertion SOB, orthopnoea, oedema
Arrythmia
ACS like symptoms

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4
Q

What investigations are done for myocarditis?

A 
ECG
Echo
Cardiac MRI 
Troponin, CRP, ESR
Endomyocardial biopsy 
Investigate cause
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5
Q

What is seen on ECG with myocarditis?

A

ST changes, T wave inversion

Arrythmia

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6
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for myocarditis?

A

Endomyocardial biopsy

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7
Q

What is the management of myocarditis?

A

Symptomatic= ACEi, diuretics, BB
Corticosteroids
IVIg

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8
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of pericardial layers, with or without myocardial involvement

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9
Q

What can cause pericarditis?

A 
Viral= most common 
Bacterial 
Post MI 
Neoplasm 
Idiopathic 
Autoimmune- SLE, RA, vasculitides
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10
Q

What is the presentation of pericarditis?

A 
Sudden onset chest pain= relieved sitting forwards, worse lying
Muffled heart sounds
Pericardial rub 
Fever 
Hypotension
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11
Q

What investigations are done for pericarditis?

A

ECG
Echo
Troponin

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12
Q

What is seen on ECG with pericarditis?

A

Saddle shaped ST elevation

PR depression

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13
Q

What is the troponin in pericarditis?

A

Normal
often elevated if myocardial involvement
Good to distinguish

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14
Q

What is the management of pericarditis?

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

Steroids if NSAIDs contraindicated

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15
Q

What is a pericardial effusion?

A

Fluid in pericardial sac
Can be acute or chronic
Can lead to cardiac tamponade

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16
Q

What causes pericardial effusion?

A 
PEricarditis
HAemopericardium= surgical, stab wound, post MI 
Aortic dissection 
Pus 
Malignancy
17
Q

What is the presentation of pericardial effusion?

A 
Fatigue
SOB 
Hypotension 
tachycardia, chest pain 
High JVP
Pericardial rub, muffled heart sounds
18
Q

What investigations are done for pericardial effusion?

A

CXR
Echo
CT/MRI

19
Q

What is the management of pericardial effusion?

A

Pericardiocentesis

Recurrent= surgical window into abdomen

20
Q

What is a complication of pericardial effusion?

A

Cardiac tamponade

21
Q

What is the presentation of cardiac tamponade?

A

BEck’s triad= falling BP, rising JVP, muffled heart sounds
Cardiogenic shock
Pericardial rub
ECG= electrical alternans (difference in amplitude of QRS)

cardio am (16 decks)

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