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Cardio AM > Limb ischaemia > Flashcards

Limb ischaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What s acute limb ischaemia?

A

Sudden lack of blood flow to limb

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2
Q

What are some causes of cute limb ischaemia?

A

Embolism
Thrombosis
Dissection
Trauma

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for acute limb ischaemia?

A

Smoking
Obesity
DM

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4
Q

What is the presentation of acute limb schema?

A 
6Ps
Pain
Pallor 
Pulseless
Perishingly cold 
Paraestoesia 
Paralysis
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5
Q

What investigations are done for acute limb ischaemia?

A

Doppler US

CT/MR angiography

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6
Q

What is the management of acute limb ischaemia?

A

Analgesia and anticoagulation
Limb salvagable= embolectomy/ thrombolectomy/ thrombolysis
Not salvageable= palliate and amputate

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7
Q

What should be monitored for when treating acute limb ischaemia?

A

Compartment syndrome

Reperfusion injury

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic limb ishaemia?

A

Atherosclerosis

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for chronic limb ischaemia?

A 
Smoking 
Male 
Hypercholesterolaemia 
DM 
Hypertension
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10
Q

What are the stages of chronic limb schema?

A 
I= asymptomatic 
IIA= claudication walking >200m 
IIB= claudication walking <200m 
III= rest pain 
IV= necrosis/gangrene
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11
Q

What investigations are done for chronic limb ischaemia?

A 
Ankle brachial pressure index 
Buerger's test 
Capillary refill 
Exercise tolerance test 
Doppler US 
CT/MR angio
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12
Q

What is Buerger’s test?

A

Raise leg until leg goes pale= Buerger’s angle

Lower leg to below bed= delay in recolourisation and reactive hyperaemia

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13
Q

What Buerger’s angle indicates severe ischaemia?

A

<20 degrees

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14
Q

What is the capillary refill in chronic limb ischaemia?

A

> 15s

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15
Q

What is the management of chronic limb ishemia?

A 
Lifestyle= exercise, smoking cessation 
Antihypertensives 
Statins 
Antiplatelet 
Surgery
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16
Q

What are the surgical management options for chronic limb ischaemia?

A

Thrombolectomy
Angioplasty
Stent
Venous bypass

17
Q

What is critical limb ischaemia?

A

Late sign of progressive chronic limb ischaemia

18
Q

What is the presentation of critical limb ischaemia?

A

Rest pain- burning
Arterial ulcers
Gangrene

19
Q

What investigations are done for critical limb ischaemia?

A 
Ankle brachial pressure index <0.5
Buerger's test <20 
Cap refill >15s 
Exercise tolerance test 
Doppler US 
CT/MR angio
20
Q

What is the management of critical limb ischaemia?

A

Surgery

  • thrombolysis
  • angioplasty
  • stent
  • venous bypass
  • amputation

Cardio AM (16 decks)

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