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Cardio AM > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main types of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated
Restricted
Hypertrophic

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2
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Impaired ventricular function due to dilated chambers

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3
Q

What causes dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
Genetic 
Autoimmune 
Toxic 
Inflammatory 
Infectious
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4
Q

What is the presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
Progressive slow onset dyspnoea 
Orthopnoea 
Fatigue 
Oedema 
Generally heart failure 
Displaced apex beat
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5
Q

What investigations are done for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
FBC, U&Es
B natriuretic peptide BNP 
ECG 
CXR 
Echo 
Cardiac MRI 
CT coronary angiogram
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6
Q

What is seen on CXR with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Cardiomegaly

Pulmonary oedema

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7
Q

What is seen on echo with dilated cardiomegaly?

A

Ventricular dilatation

Reduced LV ejection fraction

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8
Q

Whats the management of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
Manage symptoms and hypertension
-ACEi, BB, CCB, diuretics 
Surgical
-pacemaker
-implantable defibrillators 
-heart transplant
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9
Q

What is the prognosis for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Generally poor

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10
Q

What is restricted cardiomyopathy?

A

Reduced compliance of myocardium, causing ineffectively filled ventricle
Least common

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11
Q

What causes restricted cardiomyopathy?

A 
Scleroderma 
Amyloidosis 
Sarcoidosis 
Fibrosis
Radiation 
Familial
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12
Q

What is the presentation of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A 
Generally heart failure 
SOB, orthopnoea
Fatigue 
Oedema 
Hepatomegaly
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13
Q

What investigations are done for restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A 
BNP 
ECG 
CXR 
Echo
Cardiac MRI 
Investigate cause- e.g. autoantibodies
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14
Q

What is the management of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Manage symptoma and hypertension
-ACE, BB, diuretics
Manage cause
Heart transplant

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15
Q

What should not be given in restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

CCBs

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16
Q

What i hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Impaired relaxation of myocytes, causing poor compliance
Thick myocardium
Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young

17
Q

What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Genetic

18
Q

What is the presentation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A 
Often presents as sudden cardiac death 
Exertional dyspnoea 
Syncope, pre syncope 
Palpitations 
Often presents in adolescence
19
Q

What investigations are done for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

ECG
CXR
Echo
Cardiac MRI

20
Q

What is seen on echo with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophy
Thickened walls
Mitral regurgitation

21
Q

What is the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Amiodarone
BB or CCB
Cardioverter defibrillator

22
Q

What is TAkotsubo cardiomyopathy?

A

Stress cardiomyopathy aka broken heart syndrome

Sudden and transient weakening of myocardium due to stress

23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Takotsubo?

A

Stress –> catecholamine (adrenaline) release –> hypertension, coronary artery spasm and myocardial stunning

24
Q

What is the presentation of Takotsubo?

A

Chest pain +/- SOB and associated ECG changes mimicking anterior MI
Stressful precipitant

25
Q

What is the management of Takotsubo?

A

Supportive

Cardio AM (16 decks)

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