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Cardio AM > Congenital cardiac abnormalities > Flashcards

Congenital cardiac abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of VSD?

A

Subaortic
Perimembranous
Muscular

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2
Q

What is VSD associated with?

A

Down’s

Turner’s

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3
Q

What is the presentation of VSD?

A 
Pansystolic murmur- harsh 
Dyspnoea, tachypnoea
Poor feeding, failure to thrive
Shunt= right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension
Severe= signs of heart failure
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4
Q

What is the management of VSD?

A

Closure- trans catheter or surgical

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5
Q

What is a complication of VSD?

A

Eisenmengers syndrome= pressure in R heart greater than L –> reversal of shunt and cyanosis

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6
Q

What is the presentation of ASD?

A

Less severe than VSD
Generally well in early childhood and good chance of spontaneous closure
Poor feeding, failure to thrive, dyspnoea
Shunt= right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension

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7
Q

What is the management of ASD?

A

Closure- trans catheter or surgical

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8
Q

What are complications of ASD?

A

AF
Heart failure
Pulmonary hypertension
Eisenmenger’s

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9
Q

What is AVSD?

A

Atrio-ventricular septal defect

Single AV valve with ASD and high VSD

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10
Q

What is AVSD associated with?

A

Down’s

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11
Q

What is PDA?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

Connection between pulmonary trunk and descending aorta that fails to close

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12
Q

Who is PDA common in?

A

Preterm babies

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13
Q

Wat is the presentation of PDA?

A

Dyspnoea
Left subclavicular thrill
Continuous murmur
Large volume, bounding collapsing pulse

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14
Q

What is the management of PDA?

A
  1. Indomethacin

2. Closure with umbrella device

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15
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

Congenital narrowing of descending aorta

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16
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta associated with?

A

Turner’s

M>F

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17
Q

What is the presentation of coarctation of the aorta?

A 
Heart failure 
Radio-femoral delay
Weak femoral pulses 
Hypertension in arms, hypotension in legs 
Midsystolic murmur
18
Q

What is the management of mild coarctation of the aorta?

A

Watch and wait

19
Q

What is the management of severe coarctation of aorta?

A

Surgery

Use prostaglandin E until surgery to keep PDA open

20
Q

What is the tetralogy of Fallot?

A

VSD
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
RV hypertrophy

21
Q

What are the risk factors for tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Maternal rubella

22
Q

What is tetralogy of Fallot associated with?

23
Q

What is the presentation of tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Ejection systolic urmur
Heart failure before 1yo
Cyanosis
Tet spells on exertion- turn blue, difficulty breathing

24
Q

What investigations are done for tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Echo
Doppler
CXR

25
Q

What is seen on CXR in tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Boot shaped heart

26
Q

What is the management of tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Open heart surgery and total surgical repair

27
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries TGA?

A

Aorta connection to RV and pulmonary trunk to LV

28
Q

What is the patient dependent on to live in TGA?

A

Shunt between 2 circulations- ASD, VSD, PDA

29
Q

What is the presentation of TGA?

A

Cyanosis
Tachycardia
Failure to thrive
Normally diagnosed prenatally

30
Q

What is the management of TGA?

A

Arterial switch procedure

31
Q

What is congenital aortic stenosis associated with?

A

William’s

32
Q

What is the presentation of aortic stenosis?

A

Usually asymptomatic unless severe
Ejection systolic murmur, radiation to carotids
Slow rising pulse, narrow pulse pressure
Severe= exertion chest pain, syncope, reduced exercise tolerance

33
Q

What investigations are done for artic stenosis?

A

Echo
ECG
Exercise tolerance test

34
Q

What is th management of congenital aortic stenosis?

A

Percut balloon valvuloplasty
Surgical valvotomy
Valve replacement

35
Q

What is congenital pulmonary stenosis associated with?

A

Noonan

Tetralogy of Fallot- rubella and Down’s

36
Q

What is the presentation of pulmonary stenosis?

A 
Mild= asymptomatic 
Severe= exertion dyspnoea, fatigue, RV heave and hypertrophy , raised JVP
37
Q

What investigation is done for pulmonary stenosis?

38
Q

What is the management of congenital pulmonary stenosis?

A

Mild= watch and wait

  1. Balloon valvuloplasty
  2. Open heart surgery
39
Q

What is Ebstein’s anomaly?

A

Low insertion of tricuspid –> large RA and small RV

40
Q

What is Ebstein’s anomaly associated with?

A

WPW

Lithium in utero

41
Q

What cardiac anomalies is Down’s associated with?

A

AVSD most common
VSD
Tetralogy of Fallot

42
Q

What cardiac anomalies is Turner associated with?

A

VSD

Coarctation of aorta

Cardio AM (16 decks)

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