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Arrythmia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 cardiac arrest rhythms?

A 
Shockable
-VT
-VF 
non shockable
-Asystole 
-Pulseless electrical activity
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2
Q

What is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia?

A

AF

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3
Q

What can cause an irregularly irregular pulse?

A

AF

Ectopic beats

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4
Q

What is AF?

A

Uncoordinated atrial activity causing rapid and irregular atrial beats and irregularly irregular ventricular beats

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5
Q

What can cause AF?

A 
Idiopathic 
Sepsis 
Mitral valve pathology 
IHD 
Thyrotoxicosis
Hypertension
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6
Q

What is the presentation of AF?

A 
Tachycardia
Palpitations 
Irregular pulse
Presyncope, syncope 
Dyspnoea
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7
Q

What investigations are done for AF?

A

ECG
Echo
TFTs
U&Es

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8
Q

What is seen on ECG in AF?

A

Irregular QRS complex
Fibrillatory baseline
Tachycardia

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9
Q

What is the acute management of AF?

A

Assess stability
Unstable, new onset <48 hours= cardioversion
Stable, chronic= rate control

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10
Q

What are th options for cardio version in AF?

A

Electrical

Chemical= amiodarone, flecinide

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11
Q

What is the management of chronic AF?

A 
Rate control
1. beta blocker
2. Rate limiting CCB 
3. Digoxin 
Stroke risk 
-CHADS2VASc
1. DOAC
2. Warfarin in valvular heart disease
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12
Q

What are the common complications of AF?

A

Stroke
Hypotension
Bradycardia

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13
Q

What is an atrial flutter?

A

Succession of rapid atrial depolarisation waves caused by re-entrant rhythm

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14
Q

What is the presentation of atrial flutter?

A

Palpitations
Fatigue
Light headed

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15
Q

What investigations are done for atrial flutter?

A

ECG
TFTs
FBC, U&Es

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16
Q

What is seen on ECG with atrial flutter?

A

Sawtooth pattern

Tachycardia

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17
Q

What is the acute management of atrial flutter?

A

Unstable= cardio version
Stable= rate control
1. Beta blockers
2. rate limiting CCBs

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18
Q

What is the chronic management of atrial flutter?

A 
Rate control
1. BB
2. CCB
3. digoxin 
Manage stroke risk 
1. DOAC 
2. Warfarin if valvular heart disease
19
Q

What is SVT?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

Abnormally fast heart rhythm arising rom improper electrical activity in atria

20
Q

What are the 4 main types of SVT?

A

AF
Atrial flutter
Paroxysmal SVT
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

21
Q

What are the features of paroxysmal SVT?

A

Episodic palpitations, dyspnoea, light headedness

22
Q

What is the management of paroxysmal SVT?

A

Only treat if symptomatic and bothersome
Rate control e.g. BB, CCB
Radiofrequency ablation

23
Q

What is Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?

A

AV re-entrant tachycardia

24
Q

What is the 1st line management of WPW syndrome?

A

Radiofrequency ablation

25
Q

What are the medical management options for WPW?

A

BB
Amiodarone
Flecanide

26
Q

What is the acute management of unstable SVT?

A
  1. Sedation and synchronised DC cardio version

2. AMiodarone 300mg IV over 20 minutes

27
Q

What is the acute management of stable regular SVT?

A
  1. Vagal manoeuvres

2. Adenosine 6mg IV

28
Q

What is th acute management of stable irregular SVT?

A

Probably AF

1. BB or CCB or digoxin

29
Q

What are the types of ventricular tachycardia?

A 
Monomorphic= usually caused by MI 
Polymorphic= e.g. torsades de pointes
30
Q

What is the appearance of VT on ECG?

A

Broad complex tachycardia

31
Q

What is the management of VT?

A 
Unstable= synchronised DC cardio version 
Stable= amiodarone 300mgIV over 20 mins
32
Q

What is the emergency management of bradycardia?

A
  1. Atropine 500mcg IV

2. Transcutaneous pacing

33
Q

What is type 1 heart block

A

PR interval >0.2s

34
Q

What is 2nd degree heart block?

A

Mobitz I= increasingly prolonged PR interval until missed beat
II= regular PR then skipped QRS

35
Q

What are the symptoms of heart block?

A

Bradycardia
Syncope
heart failure
Wide pulse pressure

36
Q

When is heart block treated?

A

Severe/symtomatic

37
Q

How s heart block managed?

A

Pacemaker
Cardiac resynchronisation
ICD

38
Q

What causes sick sinus syndrome?

A

Arrythmia, normally caused by sinus node fibrosis

usually older patients

39
Q

What is the presentation of sick sinus syndrome?

A 
Bardycrdia 
Sinus pauses
Tachycardia 
Light headed 
Palpitations
40
Q

What is the management if sick sinus syndrome?

A

Pacemaker- if bradycardia or causes

Anticiagulation

41
Q

What are ectopic beats?

A

Beats arising from fibres outside the nodes

42
Q

What are some types of ectopic beats?

A

Premature ventricular contractions= common, caused by stress, caffeine..
Atrial ectopic beats
Ventricular ectopics

43
Q

What is the management of VF?

A
  1. CPR and shock
  2. Epi 1mg, continue CPR and shock
  3. Amiodarone 300mg, continue CPR and shock

Cardio AM (16 decks)

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