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Cardio AM > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of hypertension?

A

Primary= 95% cases

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2
Q

What are the types of hypertension?

A 
Primary= idiopathic 
Secondary= caused by renal disease, obesity, pregnancy, endocrine..
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3
Q

What are the risk factors for hypertension?

A 
>65yo
Obesity 
FH
Inactive 
Smoking 
High sodium diet 
DM 
Renal disease
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4
Q

What is stage 1 hypertension?

A

Clinic >140/90

ABPM >135/85

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5
Q

What is stage 2 hypertension?

A

Clinic >160/100

ABPM >150/95

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6
Q

What is stage 3 hypertension?

A

> 180 or >110

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7
Q

What is the First step management of hypertension?

A

<55= ACEi/ARB

>55, Afro-Caribbean= CCB

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8
Q

What is step 2 f hypertension management?

A

IF on ACEi/ARB, add CCB or TTD

If on CCB, add ACEi/ARB

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9
Q

What is step 3 of hypertension management?

A

ACEi/ARB + CCB + TTD

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10
Q

What is step 4 in hypertension management?

A

ACEi/ARB + CCB + TTD
Test blood K+
-<4.5= spironolactone
->4.5= increase TTD or add BB

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11
Q

What is the first line for management of hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Labetolol

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12
Q

What antihypertensives can be used in pregnancy?

A

LAbetolol
Methyldopa
Nifedipine

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13
Q

What are some common complications of hypertension?

A 
IHD 
Cerebrovascular event 
Heart failure 
Hypertensive retinopathy 
Hypertensive nephropathy
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14
Q

What are the main types of antihypertensives?

A

ACE inhibitor
Angiotensin receptor blocker
CCB
Thiazide type diuretic

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15
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Competitively inhibit the actions of angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin II

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16
Q

What is an example of an ACEi?

A

Ramipril

Lisinopril

17
Q

What are some contraindications for ACEi?

A

Renal failure
Renal artery stenosis
Hyperkalaemia
Pregnancy

18
Q

What are some common side effects of ACEi?

A

Bradykinin cough- niggling cough, worse at night

Oedema

19
Q

When are ARBs often used?

A

In place of ACEi where they are not tolerated

20
Q

What is an example of ARBs?

A

Candesartan

Losartan

21
Q

What are the types of CCB?

A

Rate limiting e.g. verapamil

Vasodilating e.g. amlodipine

22
Q

What type of CCBs are first one in hypertension?

A

Vasodilating

23
Q

What are the side effects of CCBs?

A

Flushing
Oedema
Headache

24
Q

How to TTDs work?

A

Prevent reabsorption of Na

25
Q

What are the side effects of TTDs?

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Dehydration

26
Q

What is an example of TTDs?

A

Indapamide

Chlorothiazide

Cardio AM (16 decks)

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