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5245 Infectious Diseases > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Fungi?

A
  • Chitin in cell walls
  • Ergosterol in membranes
  • Dimorphism (different structures at different temperatures)
  • Form spores
  • Natures decomposer
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2
Q

How do fungi exhibit dimophism? Which form when?

A

Two different forms dependent on temperature. Usually room temp is Mycelia, body temp yeast.

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3
Q

How are Fungi classified?

A

Based on their sexual spore type.

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4
Q

What are the common characteristics of pathogenic fungal agents?

A
  • Can actively attack and invade tissue
  • Exhibit dimorphism
  • Endemic to certain regions, primarily in Americas
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5
Q

Describe each of the three clinical mechanisms of fungal disease.

A
  1. Infection: Most common, caused by presence in body
  2. Toxicoses: ingestion of poisonous mushrooms
  3. Allergies: inhalation of spores.
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6
Q

What are the 4 pathogenic fungi?

A

Blastomyces, Coccidoidoides, Histoplamsa, Paracoccidioides.

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7
Q

What does coccidoides form that is different inside the body?

A

Spherules, which are packets of yeast.

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of Blastomyces dermatitidis? Causes?

A
  • Endemic to southeaster USA to canada
  • Found in rich soils
  • Inhalation of dust can carry spores of hyphal pieces
  • Causes Blastomycosis (cutaneous or Pulmonary).
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9
Q

What are some characteristics of Coccidioides immitis? Causes?

A
  • Was at one point the only fungal CDC agent
  • Found almost exclusivity in Southwestern US.
  • Found in desert soil, rodent burrows, mines, remains
  • Inhalation of spores.
  • Causes Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever
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10
Q

What are some characteristics of Histoplamsa Capsulatum? Causes?

A
  • Most common primary fungal pathogen
  • Found eastern USA, Africa, Asia
  • Found in moist soils, rich in N from bat/bird droppings
  • Inhalation of spores.
  • Causes Histoplamosis or Spelunker’s Disease.
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11
Q

What are some characteristics of Paracoccidioides brasilienses? Causes?

A
  • found in S mexico and South america
  • Rare disease found most in farm workers
  • Infection begins as pulmonary condition
  • Has steering wheel buds
  • Causes Paracoccidioidomycosis, cutaneous ulcer
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12
Q

What are some characteristics of Candidiasis?

A
  • Most common opportunistic fungal infection
  • normal microbiota of skin and mucous
  • One of few fungi that can be transmitted between people.
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13
Q

What are some key characteristics of Candida albicans? Causes?

A
  • opposite in that Hyphae forms are more pathogenic than yeast forms.
  • Most important fungal pathogen in oral cavity
  • Causes Thrush, Diaper Rash, Onychoycosis, Ocular Canidiasis.
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14
Q

What is Hypersensitivity, Noninvasive, and Acute invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis?

A
  1. Asthma or allergic diseases caused by spores
  2. Fungi can grow in cavities left by previous case TB
  3. Death of lung tissue, may present as pneumonia
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15
Q

What are some key characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • opportunistic fungal infection
  • Inhalation of spores found in bird droppings
  • Resist phagocytosis by large acidic mucopolysaccharide capsule.
  • Predilection for CNS
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16
Q

What can Crytococcus neoformins cause?

A
  • Primary Pulmonary Crytococcus
  • Cryptococcal menigitis
  • Cryptococcoma (fungal mass in brain).
  • Cutaneous crytococcosis
17
Q

What are some key characteristics of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

A
  • normal member of microbiota
  • Formally known as P. Carinii
  • Common infection of AIDS patients
  • Infection is immunocompetent and asymptomatic
18
Q

What are Dermatophytoses caused by and what do each effect (hair, skin nails)?

A
  • Epidermophyton: Skin and Nails
  • Microsporum: Skin and Hair
  • Trichophyton: Hair, skin and nails
19
Q

What are dermatophytoses?

A

Fungal infections of skin or nails, previously called ringworms. Result from fungi that use keratin as nutrient source.

20
Q

What are the common Dermatophytoses diseases?

A 
Tinea Pedis (athletes food)
Tinea Curis (Jock itch)
Tinea Unguim (nails)
Tinea Corporis (Body)
Tinea Capitis (Scalp)

5245 Infectious Diseases (14 decks)

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