Antibiotics

Question 1

What is a chemotherapeutic agent?

Answer 1

drugs that act against a disease.

Question 2

What is an antimicrobial agent?

Answer 2

Drugs that treat infections

Question 3

What is an antibiotic?

Answer 3

Antimicrobial agent produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microbes.

Question 4

What is a synthetic antibicrobial?

Answer 4

Chemically synthesized, not from a microorgansism.

Question 5

What are the antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 5

Penecillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, penems.

Question 6

What are the antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis (50s and 30s)?

Answer 6

50s: Eyrthromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol .
30s: Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides .

Question 7

What are the antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 7

Quinalones, rifampin, sulfa drugs, metronidazole, nucleosied analogs.

Question 8

What are the antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways?

Answer 8

Sulfa drugs, trimethoprim, amantadine.

Question 9

What are the antibotics that alter cell membrane permeability?

Answer 9

Nystatin, amphotericin B, polymyxins.

Question 10

What are some side effects of taking anitbiotics?

Answer 10

Some may be toxic.
Allergy reactions can occur.
Disruption of normal microbiota.

Question 11

What are the 2 ways bacteria gain resistance?

Answer 11

1. New mutations

2. Acquisition of R-plasmids via transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Question 12

What are the methods of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 12

1. Inactivation of drug (cleavage, phosphorylation)
2. Altered uptake (permeability, efflux pumps)
3. Modification of structural target of drug
4. Altered metabolic pathway