Gram Negative Bacteria

Question 1

What is the virulence factor of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

Answer 1

The attachment pili.

Question 2

WHat is the virulence factor of Neisseria menigitidis?

Answer 2

Virulence by capsule and endotoxin.

Question 3

What does N. gonorrhoeae cause?

Answer 3

Causes Gonorrhea and Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (infants), Salpingitis (females)

Question 4

What does N. menigitidis cause?

Answer 4

Meningococcal menigitis
Meningococcal septicemia (blood poisoning).

Question 5

What is the virulence factor of Escherichia coli?

Answer 5

Virulent strains have genes located in plasmids that allow the bacteria to colonize human tissue. Mediated by attachment pili and exotoxins

Question 6

What can E. coli cause?

Answer 6

UTI, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Gastroenteritis.

Question 7

What is the virulence factor of Shigella? What is it similar to?

Answer 7

Produces diarrhea inducing enterotoxin Shiga. Similar mechanism to that of Ricin in a plant, where it prevents protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes.

Question 8

What disease does Shigella cause?

Answer 8

Causes a severe form of bacillary dysentery called shigellosis.

Question 9

What is the virulence of Salmonella?

Answer 9

Induces ruffles in M cells so bacteria can further colonize. Attach and penetrate intestine, passing through bloodstream, liver, spleen, bone marrow, gall bladder.

Question 10

What does S. enterica serovar Typhimurium cause? “ “ Typhi?

Answer 10

Typhimurium= Salmonellosis

Typhi: typhoid fever.

Question 11

What is the virulence of Y. pestis?

Answer 11

F1 capsule is antiphagocytic. T3SS delivers Yops, which disrupt signaling, inhibit cytokines, destroy cytoskeleton, and trigger apoptosis.

Question 12

What does Y. pestis cause?

Answer 12

Causes the Bubonic plaque.

Question 13

What is the virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae? What disease does it cause?

Answer 13

Virulent strains have polysaccharide capsule that resists phagocytosis. Causes secondary bacterial infections, and was the most common form of meningitis in infants prior to vaccines.

Question 14

What is significant about Aggregatibacter actinomycetemocomitans?

Answer 14

It is associated with bacterial plaque and causing localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP)

Question 15

What is the virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Answer 15

Attaches to ciliated epi cells through 2 adhesions (filamentous hemagglutinin and perussis toxin). Produces 4 toxins:

1. Pertussis toxin: increases mucus production
2. Adenylate cyclase toxin: inhibits leukocyte function
3. Dermonecrotic toxin: constriction/hemorrage of vessels
4. Tracheal cytotoxin: Inhibits cilia/kills these cells.

Question 16

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

Answer 16

Pertussis or whooping cough.

Question 17

What is the virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 17

Bacteria form a biofilm that protects them from phagocytosis.

Question 18

What does P. aeruginosa cause?

Answer 18

Common infector of severe burns. Hot Tubitis.

Question 19

What diseases does Burkholderia pseudomallei cause?

Answer 19

Agent of meloiidosis, with highly variable symptoms confused with other diseases.

Question 20

What diseases does Francisella tularensis cause?

Answer 20

Zoonotic disease tularemia (rabbit fever, deerfly fever, tick fever).

Question 21

What is the virulence factor of Legionella pneumophila?

Answer 21

OMP binds to complemnet comonents and Mip to enter phagosome. Prevents fusion and grows within it. Exract iron from transferrin to inhibit activation of oxidative killing mechanism. Produce a pore forming toxin to release cells.

Question 22

What does L. oneumophila cause?

Answer 22

Legionnaires’ disease, resulting in pneumonia.

Question 23

What is the virulence factor of Bacterioides fragilis? Causes?

Answer 23

Attatchement pili, polysaccharide capsule, and modified or absent lipid A. Produces many enzymes. Leading cause of gastrointestinal disease.