Mutaties en polymorfismes Flashcards

1
Q

Wijziging in de samenstelling van het DNA

A

Variatie
op niveau van chromosoom
op niveau van DNA

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2
Q

Variatie in het humaan genoom

A
Lokalisatie
Frequentie
Type wijziging
- SMP
- enkele baseparen
- variabel aantal repeats
- insertie, deletie, inversie
- copij aantal (CNV)
functionele gevolgen: silent → functioneel
gunstig versus ongunstig (mutatie)
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3
Q

Dinucleotide repeat

A

CA- repeat: variavel aantal CA copies

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4
Q

Hoe aantonen dat een variant een mutatie is en een ziekte veroorzaakt

A
  1. Familieonderzoek
  2. controle populatie
  3. functionele gevolgen
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5
Q

Onstaan van mutatie/variatie

A
Spontaan
-Dna replicatie
-invloeden van paternele 
 leeftijd op frequentie van 
 monogene aandoening
Mutagenen
- ioniserende stralinge
- niet-ioniserende stralingen
- toxische stoffen
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6
Q

Puntmutaties

A
  • Silent
  • Missense
  • nonsense
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7
Q

Microdeleties/micro-inserties

A

Insertie: inframe

deletie: inframe
insetie: Frameshift

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8
Q

Verkeerde mRNA processing

A

Substitutie: splice mutatie

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9
Q

Hoe veroorzaakt mutatie ziekt

A

Eiwit: los-of function
eiwit: gain of function (achondroplasie)
Beide: COL2A1 verminderde hoeveelheid collageen, abnormale structuur

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10
Q

Klasieke sanger sequencing

A

Human genome project

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11
Q

Next generation sequencing NGS

A
Roche GS FLX (454 Life Sciences)​
James Watson, 4.5 months, $ 1.500.000​
Illumina Genome Analyzer II (Solexa)​
Marjolein Kriek, 6 months, € 40.000​
Applied Biosystems SOLiD 3 (Agencourt)​
Illumina HiSeq2000​
PacBio​
NovaSeq​

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12
Q

illumina sequence by synthesis

A

DNA fragmentatie, miljoenen korte DNA fragmentjes

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13
Q

Reconstruction DNA-sequencing

A

Algineren van miljoenen korte sequenties 150bp

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14
Q

Exoom sequencing

A

1.5-2% van ganse genoom
-DNA gefragmenteerd​
Elk fragment krijgt een
“linker”​
-Hybridisatie met exoom
array​
-Elueren van het
gecapteerde DNA​
-Sequeneren van
gecapteerde DNA​

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15
Q

Incidental finding

A

To tell or not to tell

Pro and anti discclosure

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16
Q

Statement

A

Total genome analysis for minors ​ is only justifiable if the interests ​of the minor in question​ are given priority.

17
Q

Screening

A
Prevention
longer and healthier life
              ↨
overestimation benefits screening
over-medicalization